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Beta-Cell Replication

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Pancreatic Beta Cell in Health and Disease

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Abstract

Patients suffering from type 1 and type 2 diabetes exhibit a decrease in the mass of insulin-producing beta cells. Both the ability to generate and expand large amounts of transplantable beta cells and the capacity to encourage beta-cell proliferation in the patient represent potential cures for the disease. Understanding the basic cell cycle machinery responsible for the replication of pancreatic beta cells is therefore an important challenge in diabetes research today, in hopes that it will provide useful insights into betacell growth and proliferation. Though for many years pancreas biologists believed that adult beta cells emerged from progenitor cells and remained post-mitotic throughout their lifetimes, recent work has demonstrated that adult beta cells are a dynamic and replicating population. In light of this new understanding of pancreatic beta cells, much attention is currently being focused on the regulation of the replication process. However, even as biologists focus on the particular machinery involved in division, a proper understanding can only be obtained in light of beta-cell development, origins, and dynamics. In this review, we present a brief introduction to beta-cell development and origins, followed by a description of beta-cell proliferation machinery. We conclude with a discussion of a possible regulatory model for beta-cell proliferation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cellular Biochemistry and Human Genetics, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel

    Seth J. Salpeter & Yuval Dor

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  1. Seth J. Salpeter
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  2. Yuval Dor
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  1. Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan

    Susumu Seino M.D., D.M. Sci. (Professor) (Professor)

  2. Medicine and Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA

    Graeme I. Bell Ph.D. (Louis Block Distinguished Service Professor) (Louis Block Distinguished Service Professor)

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Salpeter, S.J., Dor, Y. (2008). Beta-Cell Replication. In: Seino, S., Bell, G.I. (eds) Pancreatic Beta Cell in Health and Disease. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-75452-7_13

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