Abstract
To paraphrase a famous statement by Isaac Newton (Hawking 2002), we stand on the shoulders of giants when we seek insights into how humans recognize objects within their world. Aristotle showed that objects are assigned to categories according to attributes they have in common with other occurrences (Russell 1961). Immanuel Kant contended that the objects of our intuition (German Anschauung) are not representations of things as they are in themselves but appearances shaped by relations to things unknown to our sensibility. Synthetic judgments are needed to bind these appearances together, but these processes do not entail cognition per se. According to Kant, the compounds become integrated and understood by their assignment to the categories of pure reason (Zöller 2004). Arthur Schopenhauer (1859), however, was willing to accept only causality as a category of understanding. To Schopenhauer, causality was conditional for any act of cognition.
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Rentschler, I., Osaka, N., Biederman, I. (2007). An Editorial Overview. In: Osaka, N., Rentschler, I., Biederman, I. (eds) Object Recognition, Attention, and Action. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-73019-4_1
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