Summary
Since the demonstration that the number of hematopoietic stem cells contained in one cord blood was sufficient for engrafting children and adults, cord blood banking has developed worldwide. Cord blood banking for allogeneic unrelated and related transplants has several advantages including availability of this source of stem cells, low viral infection rate at birth, speed of search, and the possibility to collect cord blood in ethnic groups underrepresented in bone marrow donors registries. Another possible advantage includes the low risk of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), even with some degree of HLA mismatch. Currently, more than 25 000 units are available for transplantation. To develop and evaluate cord blood transplant (CBT) results, the European Blood and Marrow Transplantation group (EBMT) has organized a concerted action, the Eurocord group. The objectives of Eurocord are to study the properties of hematopoietic progenitors and gene transfer in cord blood; to study the immune function of cord blood lymphocytes; to coordinate and facilitate the exchange of sera and cells from donor and recipients of cord blood transplants; to establish a European registry of patients treated by cord blood transplants; and to design protocols comparing cord blood transplants with alternative conventional blood and bone marrow hematopoietic stem cell transplants. Recently, Netcord, a nonprofit organization, was created for establishing criteria of qualification and accreditation of cord blood banks, and a network was set up between cord blood banks for facilitating donor search. The purpose is to ensure the quality of the cord blood units obtained for transplantation and to aid transplant centers in finding suitable units to increase the number of cord blood transplants (CBT) throughout the world. Briefly, recent analysis of the clinical results in 255 CBTs performed in 90 countries has shown that factors associated with better survival in related and unrelated transplants were younger age, diagnosis with better results in children with inborn errors, and acute leukemia in first and second remission. High numbers of nucleated cells in the transplant and recipient-negative CMV serology were also favorable risk factors for survival. The most important factor influencing engraftment was the number of cells infused.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Broxmeyer HE, Gordon GW, Hangoc G, et al (1989) Human umbilical cord blood as a potential source of transplantable hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86: 3828–3832
Broxmeyer HE, Hangoc G, Cooper S, et al (1992) Growth characteristics and expansion of human umbilical cord blood and estimation of its potential for transplantation in adults. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:4109–4113
Mayani H, Lansdorp PM (1994) Thy-1 expression is linked to functional properties of primitive hematopoietic progenitors cells from human umbilical cord blood. Blood 83:2410–2417
Morrison SJ, Wandycz AM, Akashi K, et al (1996) The aging of hematopoietic stem cells. Nat Med 2:1011–1016
Vaziri H, Dragowska W, Allsop RC, et al (1994) Evidence for a mitotic clock in human hematopoietic stem cells: loss of telomeric DNA with age. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91:9857–9860
Madrigal JA, Cohen SBA, Gluckman E, Charron DJ (1997) Does cord blood transplantation result in lower graft versus host disease? It takes more than two to tango. Hum Immunol 56:1–5
Garderet L, Dulphy N, Douay C, et al (1998) The umbilical cord blood all T cell repertoire: characteristics of a polyclonal and naive but completely formed repertoire. Blood 91:340–346
Cairo MS, Wagner JE (1997) Placental and/or umbilical cord blood an alternative source of haemopoietic stem cells for transplantation. Blood 90:4665–4678
De La Selle V, Gluckman E, Bruley-Rosset M (1996) Newborn blood can engraft adult mice without inducing graft versus host disease across non H-2 antigens. Blood 87:3977–3983
De La Selle V, Gluckman E, Bruley-Rosset M (1998) Graft versus host disease and graft versus leukemia effect in mice grafted with newborn blood. Blood 92:3968–3975
Rubinstein P, Rosenfield RD, Adamson JW, Stevens CE (1993) Stored placental blood for unrelated bone marrow reconstitution. Blood 81:1679–1690
Rubinstein P, Dobrila L, Rosenfield RE, et al (1995) Processing and cryopreservation of placental/umbilical cord blood for unrelated bone marrow reconstitution. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:10119–10122
Gluckman E, Broxmeyer HE, Auerbach AD, et al (1989) Hematopoietic reconstitution in a patient with Fanconi’s anemia by means of umbilical cord blood from an HLAidentical sibling. New Engl J Med 321:1174–1178
Sirchia G, Rebulla P, Lecchi L, Mozzi F, Crepaldi R, Parravicini A (1998) Implementation of a quality system (ISO 9000 series) for placental blood banking. J Hematother 7:19–35
Schreiber GB, Busch MP, Kleinman SH, Korelitz JJ (1996) The risk of transfusion-transmitted viral infections. New Engl J Med 334:1685–1690
Gluckman E (1995) Advantages of using fetal and neonatal cells for treatment of hematological diseases in human. In: Gluckman E, Coulombel L, (eds) Ontogeny of hematopoiesis: aplastic anemia. Colloque INSERM, vol 235. Libbey Eurotext, Paris, pp 183–190
Gluckman E, O’Reilly RJ, Wagner J, Rubinstein P (1996) Patents versus transplants. Nature (Lond) 382:108
Sugarman J, Reisner EG, Kurtzberg J (1995) Ethical aspects of banking placental blood for transplantation. JAMA 275:1783–1785
Sugarman J, Kaalund V, Kodish E, Marshall MF, Reisner EG, Wilfond BS, Wolpe PR (and the working group on ethical issues in umbilical cord blood banking) (1997) Ethical issues in umbilical cord blood banking. JAMA 278:938–943
Marshall E (1996) Private cord blood banks raise concern. Science 271:587
Brenner M (1996) Placental blood transplant: who will benefit? Nat Med 2:969–970
Gluckman E (1996) The therapeutic potential of fetal and neonatal hematopoietic stem cells. New Engl J Med 335:1839–1840
Gluckman E, Rocha V, Boyer Chammard A, et al (1997) Outcome of cord blood transplantation from related and unrelated donors. New Engl J Med 337:373–381
Rocha V, Chastang CL, Souillet G, et al (for the Eurocord transplant group) (1998) Related cord blood transplants: the Eurocord experience of 78 transplants. Bone Marrow Transplant 21(suppl 3):S59–S65
Locatelli F, Rocha V, Chastang C, et al (1998) Cord blood transplantation for children with acute leukemia. Bone Marrow Transplant 21(suppl 3):S66–S70
Miniero R, Rocha V, Saracco P, et al (on behalf of Eurocord) (1998) Cord blood transplantation in hemoglobinopathies. Bone Marrow Transplant 2(suppl 1):S78–S79
Rocha V, Chastang CL, Pasquini R, Nagler A, Gamier F, Saarinen U, Arcese W, Boiron JM, Stary J, Veyes P, Fernandez M, Milovic V, Akinoshita K, Favre C, Kremens B, Marin G, Gluckman E (1998) Cord blood transplant in bone marrow failure syndromes (abstract 547). Blood 92(10, suppl 1):136a
Gluckman E, Rocha V, Chastang C (1998) European results of unrelated cord blood transplants. Bone Marrow Transplant 21(suppl 3):S87–S91
Rocha V, Chastang CL, Laporte JP, Garnier F, Fernandez M, Oteyza JP, Abecasis M, Gluckman E (1998) Unrelated cord blood transplant in adults with malignancies (abstract 580). Blood 92(10, suppl 1):144a
Kurtzberg J, Laughlin M, Graham L, et al (1996) Placental blood as a source of hematopoietic stem cells for transplantation into unrelated recipients. New Engl J Med 335:157–166
Wagner JE, Rosenthal J, Sweetman R, et al (1996) Successful transplantation of HLA matched and HLA mismatched umbilical cord blood from unrelated donors: analysis of engraftment and acute graft versus host disease. Blood 88:795–802
Wagner JE, DeFor T, Rubinstein P, Kurtzberg J (1997) Transplantation of unrelated donor umbilical cord blood: outcomes and analysis of risk factors (abstract 1767). Blood 90(suppl 1):398a
Rubinstein P, Carrier C, Scaradavou A, et al (1998) Outcomes among 562 recipients of placental-blood transplants from unrelated donors. New Engl J Med 339:1565–1577
Petit T, Dommergues M, Socié G, et al (1997) Detection of maternal cells in human fetal blood during the third trimester of pregnancy using allele specific PCR amplification. Br J Haematol 98:767–771
Socié G, Gluckman E, Carosella E, Brossard Y, Lafon C, Brison 0 (1994) Search for maternal cells in human cord blood by polymerase chain reaction amplification of two minisatellite sequences. Blood 83:340–344
Rocha V, Wagner J, Sobosinski K, Horowitz M, Guckman E (1998) Comparative study of graft versus host disease in HLA identical sibling cord blood or bone marrow transplant in children (abstract 2822). Blood 92(10, suppl 1):685a
Hongeng S, Krance RA, Bowman LC, et al (1997) Outcomes of transplantation with matched-sibling and unrelated donor bone marrow in children with leukemia. Lancet 350:767–771
Szydlo R, Goldman JM, Klein JP, et al (1997) Results of allogeneic bone marrow transplants for leukemia using donors other than HLA identical siblings. J Clin Oncol 15:1767–1777
Oakhill A, Pamphilon DH, Potter MN, et al (1996) Unrelated donor bone marrow transplantation for children with relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in second complete remission. Br J Haematol 94:574–578
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2000 Springer-Verlag Tokyo
About this paper
Cite this paper
Rocha, V., Gluckman, E. (2000). Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation: Banking and Clinical Results. In: Ikeda, Y., Hata, Ji., Koyasu, S., Kawakami, Y., Hattori, Y. (eds) Cell Therapy. Keio University Symposia for Life Science and Medicine, vol 5. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68506-7_21
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68506-7_21
Publisher Name: Springer, Tokyo
Print ISBN: 978-4-431-68508-1
Online ISBN: 978-4-431-68506-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive