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Strategic Medical Science Against Brain Attack pp 57–77Cite as

Structure and functions of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) as a neurotrophic factor

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Summary

Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a neuropeptide that was first isolated from ovine hypothalamus extracts on the basis of its ability to increase cyclic AMP in cultured rat pituitary cells. PACAP belongs to the secretin/glucagon family, and shows highest homology (68%>) with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). The PACAP gene spans 6.5 kb and consists of 5 exons and 4 introns. Further in the mouse brain PACAP mRNA, a variety of the 5′ untranslated region are present due to three independent promoters and alternative splicing of the transcripts, indicating that the expression of PACAP gene is regulated in dual mode, inducibly and constitutively. In the central nervous system, PACAP acts not only as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator, but also as a neurotrophic factor that may play an important role during the development of the brain. In the adult brain, PACAP appears to function as a neuroprotective factor that attenuates the neuronal damages resulting from various insults like focal ischemia by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Together with the fact that PACAP can easily cross the blood brain barrier, these suggest that PACAP may be a promising therapeutic agent in brain attack.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacology, Kagoshima University School of Medicine, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan

    Atsuro Miyata

  2. Department of Biochemistry, Research Institute of the National Cardio-Vascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan

    Kenji Kangawa

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  1. Atsuro Miyata
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  2. Kenji Kangawa
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  1. National Cardio-Vascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan

    Haruhiko Kikuchi (President Emeritus) (President Emeritus)

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© 2002 Springer-Verlag Tokyo

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Miyata, A., Kangawa, K. (2002). Structure and functions of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) as a neurotrophic factor. In: Kikuchi, H. (eds) Strategic Medical Science Against Brain Attack. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68430-5_5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68430-5_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Tokyo

  • Print ISBN: 978-4-431-68432-9

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