Angioarchitecture of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Abstract

Bierman et al. [104] employed for the first time a catheter technique for selective celiac arteriography and described the assessment of tumor angioarchitecture based on pictorial delineation in three cases of HCC and one case of cholangiocarcinoma. The technique was modified by Seldinger [105] and Odman [106], who utilized -percutaneous catheterization. These techniques stimulated remarkable developments in arteriography for HCC. With further progress, the arteriographic features of HCC have been studied more closely. As in the gross classification, HCC was divided into nodular, massive, and diffuse types on the basis of arteriography by Boijsen and Abrams [107]. Since then, the arteriographic features of HCC have been examined by a number of researchers [108–110]. It has been disclosed that changes in the arterial system, such as arteriovenous shunt and tumor stains, are clinically significant [111–113].