Skip to main content

The Control of Hovering Flight for Computer Animation

  • Conference paper

Part of the book series: Computer Animation Series ((3056))

Abstract

By combining control mechanisms and physically-based models of articulated, rigid body systems, we hope to simplify the task of generating realistic articulated motion for computer animations. As an example of this approach, we have developed a control system and a physically-realistic model to animate the hovering flight of a hummingbird. The computer model of the bird is based on the physical parameters of hummingbirds reported in the biomechanics literature. The animator specifies the desired location of the bird and the control system manipulates the model so that the aerodynamic forces acting on the wings propel the bird to satisfy that goal.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Alexander, R., “Animal Mechanics”, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Boston. (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Amkraut S., “Flock: A Behavioral Model for Computer Animation”, Masters Thesis, Art Education, The Ohio State University. (1989)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Amkraut 1989b] Amkraut S., Girard, M., “Eurhythmy”, SIGGRAPH Video Review Issue 52, Selection #8 (1989) (Video supplement to Computer Graphics)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Bruderlin, A., Calvert, T. W., “Goal-Directed Dynamic Animation of Human Walking”, Computer Graphics, V23 N3, July 1989 (SIGGRAPH Proceedings), p 233–242.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Girard, M., “Interactive Design of 3D Computer-Animated Legged Animal Motion”, IEEE Computer Graphics and Animation, June, 1987: 39–51.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Greenwalt, C. H., “Hummingbirds” Doubleday, New York (1960)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Greenwalt, C. H., “Dimensional Relationships for Flying Animals”, Smithson. Misc. Collns, 144 (2) p 1–46. (1962)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Hertel, H., “Structure, Form and Movement”, Reinhold, New York. (1966)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Hodgins, J. K., Sweeney, P. K., Lawrence, D. G. 1992. “Generating Natural-Looking Motion for Computer Animation”, Proceedings of Graphics Interface ’92. In press.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Marion, J., “Classical Dynamics of Particles and Systems”, Academic Press, New York, (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  11. McKenna, M., Zeltzer, D., “Dynamic Simulation of Autonomous Legged Locomotion”, Computer Graphics V24 N4, August 1990 (SIGGRAPH Proceedings) p 29–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Miller, G. S. P., “The Motion Dynamics of Snakes and Worms,” Computer Graphics V22 N4 August 1988 (SIGGRAPH Proceedings) p 169–178.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Prandtl, L., Tietjens, O. G., “Applied Hydro- and Aeromechanics”, McGraw-Hill. New York, (1934).

    Google Scholar 

  14. Raibert, M. H., Hodgins, J. K., “Animation of Dynamic Legged Locomotion” Computer Graphics, V25 N4, July 1991 (SIGGRAPH Proceedings) p 349–358.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Raibert, M. H., Hodgins, J. K., Playter, R. R., Ringrose, R. P. “Animation of Maneuvers: Jumps, Somersaults, and Gait Transitions”, Proceedings of Imagina, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Reynolds C., “Flocks, Herds, and Schools: A Distributed Behavioral Model” Computer Graphics, V21 N4, July 1987 (SIGGRAPH Proceedings) p25–34.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  17. van de Panne M., Fiume, E., Vranesic, Z., “Reusable Motion Synthesis Using State-Space Controllers”, Computer Graphics V24 N4, July 1990 (SIGGRAPH Proceedings) p 225–234.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Weis-Fogh, T., “Energetics of Hovering Flight in Hummingbirds and Drosophila”, Journal of Experimental Biology, V56, 1972 p 79–104.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Wejchert, J., Haumann, D., “Animation Aerodynamics”, Computer Graphics, V25 N4, July 1991 (SIGGRAPH Proceedings) p 19–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Witkin, A., Kass, M., “Spacetime Constraints”, Computer Graphics, V22 N4, July 1988 (SIGGRAPH Proceedings) p 159–168.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1992 Springer-Verlag Tokyo

About this paper

Cite this paper

Haumann, D.R., Hodgins, J.K. (1992). The Control of Hovering Flight for Computer Animation. In: Thalmann, N.M., Thalmann, D. (eds) Creating and Animating the Virtual World. Computer Animation Series. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68186-1_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68186-1_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Tokyo

  • Print ISBN: 978-4-431-68188-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-4-431-68186-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics