Summary
Tropical sub-humid savannas are generally blessed with climatic conditions such as favorable temperature and sufficient rainfall for agricultural production, but the highly weathered acid soils have hampered crop production in the region due to their high acidity and low nutrient status. Upland rice is an important component of rice-pasture cropping systems which have been developed as both productive and sustainable cropping systems for the savannas. Upland rice has a large genotypic difference in tolerance to acid soils, but the lack of study into the physiological mechanisms behind this genotypic difference has hampered the development of an efficient breeding system. Therefore, the true limiting factor causing the difference between the tolerant and susceptible varieties of upland rice was clarified and the physiological mechanisms for the genotypic difference were investigated.
The severe acidic conditions with high Al saturation and high Al concentration in soil solution were found to be created by the split application of fertilizers (urea and KC1), and were rather limited by time (middle of growing season) and space (topsoil) in upland rice fields in the savannas. The growth reduction of susceptible varieties at a low liming rate was not significantly correlated to the indices of Al toxicity, such as exchangeable Al or Al saturation, nor soil pH, but was significantly correlated with exchangeable Ca. Thus the low Ca was assumed to be the true constraint related to the genotypic difference in tolerance to acid savanna soils. In relation to physiological mechanisms, the root surface of the susceptible variety had a higher apoplastic content of Ca which could be eluted by chelators under non-acidic conditions. However, this fraction of Ca was easily replaced by Al in acidic conditions. The tolerant variety may not depend on the regulating function of cell elongation for this fraction of Ca, and thus root elongation, the earliest and most important phenomenon of acid-soil stress, was less affected by the acidic conditions.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adams F (1984) Crop response to lime in the Southern United States. In: Adams F (Ed) Soil acidity and liming, 2nd edn., ASA, CSSA, SSSA, Madison, Wisconsin, pp 211–265
Blair GJ, Lithgow KB, Orchard PW (1988) The effects of pH and calcium on the growth of Leucaena leucocephala in an oxisol and ultisol soil. Plant Soil 106: 209–214
Blamey FPC, Edmeades DC, Wheeler DM (1990) Role of root cation-exchange capacity in differential aluminum tolerance of Lotus species. J Plant Nutr 13: 729–744
Blamey FPC, Ostatek-Boczynski Z, Kerven GL (1997) Ligand effects on aluminium sorption by calcium pectate. Plant Soil 192: 269–275
Bruce RC, Warrell LA, Edwards DG, Bell LC (1988) Effects of aluminium and calcium in the soil solution of acid soils on root elongation of Glycine max cv Forrest. Aust J Agric Res 38:319–338 CIAT Rice Program Annual Report (1995) pp 31–55
Daikubara G, Sakamoto Y (1910) Studies on the cause and nature of soil acidity and the distribution of acid soils (in Japanese). Report of Agr Exp Stn 37: 1–141
Farina MPW, Sumner ME, Plank CO, Letzsch WS (1980) Exchangeable aluminum and pH as indicators of lime requirement for corn. Soil Sci Soc Am J 44: 1036–1041
Farina MPW, Channon P (1991) A field comparison of lime requirement indices for maize. In: Wright RJ et al. (Eds) Plant-soil interactions at low pH. pp 465–473
Friesen DK, Juo ASR, Miller MH (1980) Liming and lime-phosphorus-zinc interactions in two Nigerian Ultisols: I. Interactions in the soil. Soil Sci Soc Am J 44: 1221–1226
Hanson JB (1984) The functions of calcium in plant nutrition. In: Tinker PB, Lauchli A, (Eds) Advances in plant nutrition. Vol 1. Praeger Scientific, New York, pp 149–208
Hopkins CG, Knox WH, Pettit JH (1903) A quantitative method for determining the acidity of soils. USDA Bur Chem Bull 73: 114–119
Howeler RH (1991) Identifying plants adaptable to low pH conditions. In: Wright RJ et al. (Eds) Plant-soil interactions at low pH. Kluwer Academic, pp 885–904
Hutton EM (1985) Centrosema breeding for acid tropical soils, with emphasis on efficient Ca absorption. Trop Agric 62:273–280
Kamprath EJ (1970) Exchangeable aluminum as a criterion for liming leached mineral soils. Soil Sci Soc Am Proc 34: 252–254
Kamprath EJ (1984) Crop response to lime on soils in the tropics. In: Adams F (Ed) Soil acidity and liming. Agron Monograph No. 12 ( 2nd edn ), ASA, CSSA, SSSA, pp 349–368
Ma JF, Hiradate S, Nomoto K, Iwashita T, Matsumoto H (1997) Internal detoxification mechanism of Al in Hydrangea. Plant Physiol 113: 1033–1039
Okagawa N (1984) Global distribution of acid soils and their use (in Japanese). In: Tanaka A (Ed) Acid soils and their agricultural use: Present status and the future in tropics. Hakuyu-sha, Tokyo, pp 21–49
Otani T, Ae N, Tanaka H (1996) Phosphorus (P) uptake mechanisms of crops grown in soils with low P status. II. Significance of organic acids in root exudates of pigeonpea. Soil Sci Plant Nutr (Tokyo) 42: 553–560
Sanchez PS (1977) (Ed) A review of soils research in tropical Latin America. Soil Science Department, North Carolina State University at Raleigh, Tech Bull No 219, North Carolina Agr Expt Stn
Tanaka A, Sakuma T, Okagawa N, Imai H, Ito K, Ogata S, Yamaguchi J (1986) Agro-ecological condition of the Oxisol-Ultisol area of the Amazon river system. Report of a Survey of Llanos in Colombia and jungle in Peru, Fac Agric, Hokkaido Univ
Tice KR, Parker DR, DeMason DA (1992) Operationally defined apoplastic and symplastic alumi-num fractions in root tips of aluminum-intoxicated wheat. Plant Physiol 100: 309–318
Toledo JM, Zeigler RS, Torres F (1990) Sustainable utilization of poor acid soils of tropical America. Proc 24th Intl Symp Trop Agric Res, Kyoto, Aug 14–16,1990. Trop Agric Res Ser 24: 133–145
Veitch FP (1904) Comparison of methods for the estimation of soil acidity. J Amer Chem Soc 637–662
Wagatsuma T, Kaneko M, Hayasaka H (1987) Destruction process of plant root cells by aluminum. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 33: 161–175
Watanabe T, Osaki M, Yoshihara T, Tadano T (1998) Distribution and chemical speciation of alu- minum in the Al accumulator plant, Melastoma malabathricum L. Plant Soil 201: 165–173
Yanai J, Araki S, Kyuma K (1995) Effects of plant growth on the dynamics of the soil solution composition in the root zone of maize in four Japanese soils. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 41: 195–206
Zeigler RS, Pandey S, Miles J, Gourley LM,Sarkarung S (1995) Advances in the selection and breeding of acid-tolerant plants: Rice, maize, sorghum and tropical forages. In: Date RA et al. (Eds) Plant soil interactions at low pH, Kluwer Academic, Netherlands, pp 391–406
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2001 Springer Japan
About this paper
Cite this paper
Okada, K., Fischer, A.J. (2001). Adaptation Mechanisms of Upland Rice Genotypes to Highly Weathered Acid Soils of South American Savannas. In: Ae, N., Arihara, J., Okada, K., Srinivasan, A. (eds) Plant Nutrient Acquisition. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-66902-9_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-66902-9_8
Publisher Name: Springer, Tokyo
Print ISBN: 978-4-431-66904-3
Online ISBN: 978-4-431-66902-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive