Abstract
This chapter reviews the EMAR application to determine the average grain size of carbon steels (Ogi et al. 1995) on the basis of the fourth-power frequency dependence of attenuation. The final results are favorably compared with the average of three-dimensional distribution from metallographic observations for various grades.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Bhatia, A. B. (1959). Scattering of high-frequency sound waves in polycrystalline materials. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 31, 16–23.
Bhatia, A. B., & Moore, R. A. (1959). Scattering of high frequency sound waves in polycrystalline materials. II. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 31, 1140–1141.
Dubois, M., Militzer, M., Moreau, A., & Bussière, J. F. (2000). A new technique for the quantitative real-time monitoring of austenite grain growth in steel. Scripta Materialia, 42, 867–874.
Hall, E. O. (1970). Yield Point Phenomena in Metals and Alloys. New York: Plenum Press.
Klinman, R., & Stephenson, E. T. (1981). Ultrasonic prediction of grain-size and mechanical-properties in plain carbon-steel. Materials Evaluation, 39, 116–1120.
Levy, S., & Truell, R. (1953). Ultrasonic attenuation in magnetic single crystals. Reviews of Modern Physics, 25, 140–145.
Mason, W. P. (1958). Physical Acoustics and Properties of Solids. Princeton: Van Nostrand.
Matsuura, K., & Itoh, Y. (1991). Estimation of three-dimensional grain size distribution in polycrystalline material. Materials Transactions JIM, 32, 1042–1047.
Nagy, P. B., & Rose, J. (1993). Surface roughness and the ultrasonic detection of subsurface scatterers. Journal of Applied Physics, 73, 566–580.
Nicoletti, D., Bilgutay, N., & Onaral, B. (1992). Power-law relationship between the dependence of ultrasonic attenuation on wavelength and the grain size distribution. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 91, 3278–3284.
Ogi, H., Hirao, M., & Honda, T. (1995). Ultrasonic attenuation and grain size evaluation using electromagnetic acoustic resonance. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 98, 458–464.
Papadakis, E. P. (1961). Grain-size distribution in metals and its influence on ultrasonic attenuation measurements. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 33, 1616–1621.
Papadakis, E. P. (1963). From micrograph to grain-size distribution with ultrasonic applications. The Journal of Acoustical Society of America, 35, 1586–1594.
Papadakis, E. P. (1965). Ultrasonic attenuation caused by scattering in polycrystalline metals. The Journal of Acoustical Society of America, 37, 711–717.
Papadakis, E. P. (1966). Ultrasonic diffraction loss and phase change in anisotropic materials. The Journal of Acoustical Society of America, 40, 863–876.
Rayleigh, L. (1894). The Theory of Sound. London: Macmillan.
Smith, L. (1987). Ultrasonic materials characterization. NDT&E International, 20, 43–48.
Truell, R., Elbaum, C., & Chick, B. B. (1969). Ultrasonic Methods in Solid State Physics. New York: Academic Press.
Ying, C. F., & Truell, R. (1956). Scattering of a plane longitudinal wave by a spherical obstacle in an isotropically elastic solid. Journal of Applied Physics, 27, 1086–1097.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer Japan
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hirao, M., Ogi, H. (2017). Average Grain Size of Steels. In: Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducers. Springer Series in Measurement Science and Technology. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56036-4_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56036-4_15
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Tokyo
Print ISBN: 978-4-431-56034-0
Online ISBN: 978-4-431-56036-4
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)