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Effects of Vitamin D on Bone and Skeletal Muscle

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Osteoporosis in Orthopedics

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Abstract

The native and active forms of vitamin D exert various effects on both bone and skeletal muscle. Vitamin D prevents osteoclastogenesis, reduces bone resorption in osteoporotic patients, and stimulates bone formation by acting on osteoblasts. A new active vitamin D analog, eldecalcitol, has unique effects on bone formation known as mini-modeling, which are independent of bone resorption. Vitamin D also has positive effects on skeletal muscle by increasing muscle strength and improving physical functions in older people, particularly in those who are vitamin D deficient. The mechanisms of vitamin D effects on skeletal muscle are both indirect via calcium and phosphate and direct via 1α,25(OH)2D3 activation of the vitamin D receptor on muscle cells. Based on these effects of vitamin D on both bone and skeletal muscle, many meta-analyses have shown that vitamin D decreases the risk of falls as well as osteoporotic vertebral and non-vertebral fractures. The interrelationships between muscle and bone related to vitamin D actions and the molecular mechanisms by which vitamin D affects both bone and skeletal muscle are still incongruent in the different backgrounds of subjects.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan

    Yuji Kasukawa M.D., Ph.D., Naohisa Miyakoshi & Yoichi Shimada

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  1. Yuji Kasukawa M.D., Ph.D.
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  2. Naohisa Miyakoshi
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  3. Yoichi Shimada
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Correspondence to Yuji Kasukawa M.D., Ph.D. .

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  1. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan

    Yoichi Shimada

  2. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan

    Naohisa Miyakoshi

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Kasukawa, Y., Miyakoshi, N., Shimada, Y. (2016). Effects of Vitamin D on Bone and Skeletal Muscle. In: Shimada, Y., Miyakoshi, N. (eds) Osteoporosis in Orthopedics. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55778-4_9

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