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Collagen Cross-Links as a Determinant of Bone Quality

  • Chapter
Osteoporosis in Orthopedics

Abstract

A reduction in sex hormones from middle age and increasing age and an increase in oxidative stress related to lifestyle-related diseases can also reduce bone material properties in terms of collagen posttranslational modification and cross-link formation. These changes lead to both qualitative and quantitative abnormalities in collagen, which is the major bone matrix protein. The intermolecular cross-link formation of collagen, which regulates bone material attributes, is a mechanism independent of bone remodeling. In other words, cross-link formation is controlled by the environment surrounding the bone matrix, comprising cellular functions, oxidative stress, and glycation level. Because oxidative stress is also a risk factor of arteriosclerosis and cardiovascular event, there is link between low bone quality and lifestyle-related disease. High levels of pentosidine in urine or blood, or mild hyperhomocysteinemia which suggests bone collagen abnormalities, might be used as surrogate markers for evaluating bone quality, assessing the risk of bone fracture. Patients with osteoporosis can be divided into three types on the basis of bone density and with bone quality. We are entering an age in which the treatment of osteoporosis will be personalized, with drugs administered depending on these types.

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Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest regarding this review article.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan

    Mitsuru Saito & Keishi Marumo

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  1. Mitsuru Saito
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  2. Keishi Marumo
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Correspondence to Mitsuru Saito .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan

    Yoichi Shimada

  2. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan

    Naohisa Miyakoshi

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Saito, M., Marumo, K. (2016). Collagen Cross-Links as a Determinant of Bone Quality. In: Shimada, Y., Miyakoshi, N. (eds) Osteoporosis in Orthopedics. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55778-4_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55778-4_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Tokyo

  • Print ISBN: 978-4-431-55777-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-4-431-55778-4

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