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Use of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Aging Research

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Aging Mechanisms

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Abstract

Human populations around the world are aging, which necessitates new ways to analyze age-related functional decline and disease mechanisms in elderly patients. Further, many elderly patients are waiting for new therapies for treatment of intractable age-related diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, liver cirrhosis, lung failure and renal failure. The development of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology opens the door for new approaches to the analysis of age-related disorders and to develop personalized cell therapy for age-related diseases. Progeria syndromes present early ageing characteristics. Human iPSCs (HiPSCs) have been established from progeria syndromes, including Hutchinson Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS). Directed differentiation of HGPS-iPSCs to smooth muscle cells led to the appearance of premature senescence phenotypes associated with vascular ageing. Although the efficiency of establishing murine iPSCs from aged mice is lower than that from young mice, many HiPSCs from elderly humans have been established, including centenarians. HiPSCs from patients with age-related diseases have been established and are being used to elucidate the mechanism of disease progression. HiPSCs from Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients were established soon after the discovery of HiPSCs technology. HiPSCs from PD patients have almost the same phenotype as HiPSCs from healthy people. However, long-term cultivation of dopamine neurons differentiated from Parkinson’s-HiPSCs has revealed disease-specific characteristics, including fewer neurites and a significant increase in apoptotic cells. Recently, 3D culture has permitted the construction of tissue-specific organoids from HiPSCs. These form complete tissues in immune competent mice. iPSC technology will be used more widely for analysis of age-related disorders, age-related functional declines and future personalized therapy for age-related disorders.

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  1. Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan

    Ken-ichi Isobe

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  1. Ken-ichi Isobe
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Correspondence to Ken-ichi Isobe .

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  1. Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan

    Nozomu Mori

  2. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)

    Inhee Mook-Jung

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Isobe, Ki. (2015). Use of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Aging Research. In: Mori, N., Mook-Jung, I. (eds) Aging Mechanisms. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55763-0_4

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