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Neuroanatomy and Neurophysiology of the Larynx pp 109–123Cite as

Central Pattern Generators

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Abstract

The neuronal networks that regulate various laryngeal movements including phonation, deglutition, and cough are mainly located in the brainstem. However, the physiological and anatomical organization of the brainstem neuronal circuitry is still not fully clarified. In this section, we addressed the contribution of the brainstem neuronal networks to the generation of these laryngeal movements. We have examined the brainstem vocal area and established fictive vocalization model in guinea pigs. The vocal area was located continuously from the periaqueductal gray in the midbrain to the ventrolateral medulla. We also investigated the activity and morphology of the swallowing-related neurons in the medulla oblongata in guinea pigs, using a juxta-cellular labeling. The swallowing-related neurons were broadly distributed in the medulla, and their axonal projections represented part of complex neuronal networks. Furthermore, we analyzed the activity of the respiratory neurons in the rostral ventral respiratory group during breathing and the non-respiratory behaviors including vocalization, swallowing, and coughing in guinea pigs. Activity of the respiratory neurons was altered during these behaviors, suggesting that the neuronal networks responsible for various laryngeal movements are overlapped and the respiratory central pattern generator can be shared among the pattern-generating circuits of the non-respiratory behaviors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan

    Yoichiro Sugiyama, Shinji Fuse & Yasuo Hisa

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  1. Yoichiro Sugiyama
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  2. Shinji Fuse
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  3. Yasuo Hisa
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Correspondence to Yasuo Hisa .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan

    Yasuo Hisa

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Sugiyama, Y., Fuse, S., Hisa, Y. (2016). Central Pattern Generators. In: Hisa, Y. (eds) Neuroanatomy and Neurophysiology of the Larynx. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55750-0_14

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55750-0_14

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