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Noise Measurements

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Neurally Based Measurement and Evaluation of Environmental Noise

Part of the book series: Mathematics for Industry ((MFI,volume 20))

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Abstract

Environmental noises are a fact of our life. Aircraft, traffic, railway, industry, machinery, and community noises are commonplace. These environmental noises have been evaluated according to sound pressure level (SPL) and frequency characteristics (e.g., Namba and Kuwano in J Acoust Soc Jpn 5:135–148, 1984; Kuwano et al. in Noise Control Eng J 33:107–115, 1989; Ayr et al. in Appl Acoust 64:129–145, 2003). Noise criterion (NC) curves, preferred noise criterion (PNC) curves, and balanced noise criterion (NCB) curves were developed to measure the SPL and its frequency characteristics (Beranek in Noise Control 3:19–27, 1957; Beranek in J Acoust Soc Am 86:650–664, 1989; Beranek et al. in J Acoust Soc Am 50:1223–1228, 1971). For evaluating fluctuation noise such as traffic noise and industry noise, the equivalent sound level (Leq) has been used widely. These NCs are not considered sufficiently as perceived acoustical properties. It has been reported that environmental noises not only disturb our sleep and conversation, but also affect the growth of unborn babies, infants, and children (Ando and Hattori in J Acoust Soc Am 47:1128–1130, 1970; Ando and Hattori in J Sound Vib 27:101–110, 1973); Ando and Hattori in J Acoust Soc Am 62:199–204, 1977a ; Ando and Hattori in Br J Obstet Gynaecol 84:115–118, 1977b; Ando in J Sound Vib 55:600–603, 1977). In noise measurement, it is important to use parameters related to psychological attributes such as annoyance. In this chapter, we try to characterize some kinds of noise by the autocorrelation function (ACF) and interaural cross-correlation function (IACF) analyses. It has been found that information about perceived pitch and its strength (i.e., tonality) of complex sounds is extracted from the maximum peak in the ACF, and loudness of narrowband noise is related to the decay rate of the ACF (Merthayasa et al. in Mem Grad School Sci Tech Kobe Univ 12A:147–156, 1994; Sato et al. in J Sound Vib 250:47–52, 2002; Soeta et al. in J Acoust Soc Am 116:3275–3278, 2004). In addition, information of the source direction, diffuseness, and source width can be evaluated by the peak value of IACF. Continuous measurement of these factors can evaluate the noise characteristics. These ACF and IACF factors could be possible measures for describing the various parameters relating to annoyance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Osaka, Japan

    Yoshiharu Soeta

  2. Kobe University, Kobe, Japan

    Yoichi Ando

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  1. Yoshiharu Soeta
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  2. Yoichi Ando
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Correspondence to Yoshiharu Soeta .

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Soeta, Y., Ando, Y. (2015). Noise Measurements. In: Neurally Based Measurement and Evaluation of Environmental Noise. Mathematics for Industry, vol 20. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55432-5_6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55432-5_6

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Tokyo

  • Print ISBN: 978-4-431-55431-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-4-431-55432-5

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