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Neuroimaging Diagnosis for Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias pp 39–115Cite as

MRI Diagnosis in Other Dementias

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Abstract

The role of neuroradiologists in the diagnosis of dementia is to identify the wide range of disorders causing dementia through diagnostic imaging in patients clinically exhibiting cognitive impairments, and provide information that directly contributes to their treatment, care, and nursing to clinical workers. The diseases included in dementia are diverse and include degenerative dementia, cerebrovascular dementia, idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus, metabolic disorders, poisoning, encephalitis, and encephalopathy, and the diagnostic process markedly differs according to the disease. It is important to diagnose diseases that can be cured and to evaluate images independently of the clinical diagnosis. Images need to be evaluated from multiple viewpoints by taking clinical information from the patient, physicians at clinical departments, local doctors, nurses, care staff, and family as well as information obtained by multiple modalities into consideration.

One aspect of dementia is the long duration of disease. We are now focusing on how to diagnose dementia early and correctly through the application of advanced medical technologies; however, for this to succeed, efforts by all of society for an early diagnosis are necessary rather than “making premature judgments about disorders and diagnosing them accordingly.” Furthermore, diagnostic imaging is often difficult to perform when examining patients with a long clinical course or in an advanced stage due to problems unique to older people. Encounters with patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) complicated by cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and Lewy body disease (DLB) are not rare in clinical practice.

We herein presented the imaging findings of senile tauopathy as an important disease causing dementia, and discussed topics regarding a wide variety of diseases causing dementia in which imaging findings are key for a differential diagnosis.

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Acknowledgements

I would like to express my gratitude to Dr. Kenji Ishii, Dr. Harushi Mori, Dr. Kazutomi Kanemaru, Dr. Renpei Sengoku, Dr. Junko Fujigasaki, Dr. Hitoshi Terada, Dr. Hiroshi Oba, Dr. Satoshi Matsushima, Dr. Sunao Mizumura, Dr, Fuji Narita, Dr. Keigo Shimoji, and Dr. Kameyama for helpful discussions. I also gratefully acknowledge the work of past and present members of Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Neurology, Psychiatry, Brain Bank of Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology. Without Ms. Asuka Tokumaru and Ms. Makie Kambara’s encouragement, this project would not have materialized. This work is supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (Comprehensive Brain Science Network) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (221S0003) and Grants-Aid-for Scientific Research(C) KAKENHI.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan

    Aya M. Tokumaru & Keita Sakurai

  2. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, National Center Hospital for Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Cho Kodaira-City, Tokyo, 187-8551, Japan

    Yuko Saito

  3. Department of Neurology and Neuropathology (the Brain Bank for Aging Research), Tokyo Metropolitan Medical Center of Gerontology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan

    Shigeo Murayama

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  1. Aya M. Tokumaru
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Correspondence to Aya M. Tokumaru .

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  1. Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology & Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan

    Hiroshi Matsuda

  2. Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

    Takashi Asada

  3. Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan

    Aya Midori Tokumaru

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Tokumaru, A.M., Saito, Y., Murayama, S., Sakurai, K. (2017). MRI Diagnosis in Other Dementias. In: Matsuda, H., Asada, T., Tokumaru, A. (eds) Neuroimaging Diagnosis for Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55133-1_4

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