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Neurotrophic Factors

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Abstract

Neurotrophic factors regulate neural cell survival and differentiation and control the number of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) during retinal development. Several studies have reported a possibility that blockade of axonal transport in glaucoma leads to deficits in the neurotrophic factors and subsequent RGC death in adult eyes. Interestingly, not only mature neurotrophins but also the uncleaved neurotrophin precursors, the pro-neurotrophins, may play a critical role in survival or death of retinal neurons. Neurotrophic factors act on their receptors expressed on RGCs, but they also act on surrounding cells including Müller glia and microglia and indirectly affect the state of RGCs. Although ligand–receptor systems of neurotrophins are complex and their effects are still controversial, clinical trials using neurotrophins are underway for several retinal diseases. The current therapy for glaucoma is to lower intraocular pressure (IOP), but neurotrophic factors may be available for preventing IOP-independent RGC loss and future treatment of glaucoma.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (CH) and the Funding Program for Next Generation World-Leading Researchers (NEXT Program) (TH).

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  1. Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan

    Chikako Harada & Takayuki Harada

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  1. Chikako Harada
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  2. Takayuki Harada
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Correspondence to Takayuki Harada .

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  1. Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan

    Toru Nakazawa

  2. Department of Ophthalmology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan

    Yasushi Kitaoka

  3. Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Inst of Med Sci, Tokyo, Japan

    Takayuki Harada

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Harada, C., Harada, T. (2014). Neurotrophic Factors. In: Nakazawa, T., Kitaoka, Y., Harada, T. (eds) Neuroprotection and Neuroregeneration for Retinal Diseases. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54965-9_7

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