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Reconstruction of the Brain from Skull Fossils Using Computational Anatomy

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Dynamics of Learning in Neanderthals and Modern Humans Volume 2

Part of the book series: Replacement of Neanderthals by Modern Humans Series ((RNMH))

Abstract

We investigated the presumed differences in learning abilities between Neanderthals and modern humans by combining evidence from the morphological analysis of fossil brains and functional mapping of modern human brain functions. To achieve this, we established a method for extrapolating to human brain functions from skull anatomy data, which are the only data available to compare modern humans and Neanderthals. Over the last three years, we have developed a skull-based image analysis method based on the computational anatomy technique, which is a standard method used in neuroimaging research, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and voxel-based morphometry (VBM). In this report, we introduce the concept and practice of our method, and also present some prototype studies to investigate the performance of the proposed approach.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Hakubi Project, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, 484-8506, Japan

    Takanori Kochiyama

  2. Brain Activity Imaging Center, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International, 2-2-2 Hikaridai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto, 619-0288, Japan

    Takanori Kochiyama

  3. Department of Social and Human Environment, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan

    Hiroki C. Tanabe

  4. Division of Cerebral Integration, Department of Cerebral Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 38 Nishigo-naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan

    Hiroki C. Tanabe

  5. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan

    Naomichi Ogihara

Authors
  1. Takanori Kochiyama
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  2. Hiroki C. Tanabe
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  3. Naomichi Ogihara
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Takanori Kochiyama .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Kochi University of Technology, Research Institute, Kami-shi, Kochi, Japan

    Takeru Akazawa

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan

    Naomichi Ogihara

  3. Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan

    Hiroki C Tanabe

  4. Department of Human Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Japan

    Hideaki Terashima

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Kochiyama, T., Tanabe, H.C., Ogihara, N. (2014). Reconstruction of the Brain from Skull Fossils Using Computational Anatomy. In: Akazawa, T., Ogihara, N., C Tanabe, H., Terashima, H. (eds) Dynamics of Learning in Neanderthals and Modern Humans Volume 2. Replacement of Neanderthals by Modern Humans Series. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54553-8_22

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