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Oxidative Stress as Secondary Injury Mechanism After Mechanical Trauma in the Spinal Cord

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Neuroprotection and Regeneration of the Spinal Cord

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Abstract

The secondary pathological changes following mechanical trauma to the spinal cord cause deterioration of its function, and oxidative stress is known to contribute to the process. The roles of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-l) and nitric oxide in the process were investigated using rat incomplete spinal cord injury model.

ICAM-1mRNA expression reached its maximum at 6 h after SCI. By the intravenous injection of ICAM-1 monoclonal antibody (ICAM-l mAb) after SCI, posttraumatic polynuclear cell infiltration seemed to decrease and motor recovery was enhanced. Nitric oxide (NO) increased in the injured spinal cord. The expression of mRNA of constitutive NOS (c-NOS) did not change, whereas that of inducible NOS (i-NOS) increased after injury. Inhibiting the activity of c-NOS made motor function worse and that of i-NOS enhanced motor recovery.

Lecithinized superoxide dismutase (PC-SOD) was developed to increase half-life and permeability in vivo, and PC-SOD was used in this model to lessen oxidative stress. Intravenous injection of PC-SOD after injury suppressed the expression of IL-1β, ICAM-1, and i-NOS mRNAs, enhanced the expression of mRNA of neurotrophin-3, and caused motor recovery better than methylprednisolone injection.

These results indicated that oxidative stress enhances neuronal damage after mechanical trauma and suggested that it is important to suppress the oxidative stress.

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Conflict of Interest  All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Rehabilitation and Orthopedics, Tokushima University Hospital, 2-50-1 Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan

    Shinsuke Katoh, Yoshitaka Hamada & Takashi Chikawa

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  1. Shinsuke Katoh
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  2. Yoshitaka Hamada
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  3. Takashi Chikawa
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shinsuke Katoh .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept of Orthop & Rehabilit Med, University of Fukui Faculty of Medical Sciences, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, Japan

    Kenzo Uchida

  2. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

    Masaya Nakamura

  3. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan

    Hiroshi Ozawa

  4. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan

    Shinsuke Katoh

  5. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

    Yoshiaki Toyama

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Katoh, S., Hamada, Y., Chikawa, T. (2014). Oxidative Stress as Secondary Injury Mechanism After Mechanical Trauma in the Spinal Cord. In: Uchida, K., Nakamura, M., Ozawa, H., Katoh, S., Toyama, Y. (eds) Neuroprotection and Regeneration of the Spinal Cord. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54502-6_18

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54502-6_18

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  • Print ISBN: 978-4-431-54501-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-4-431-54502-6

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