Abstract
Many complex transition-metal oxides show the insulator-metal transition, on which the vanishing conductivity is driven either by the divergent carrier mass or by the decrease of the carrier density. The electron-correlation driven insulator-metal transition mostly shows the former type, while the insulator-metal transition in high-temperature superconducting cuprates is known to be of the latter type. In this chapter, we present another example of the carrier-density driven insulator-metal transition in the d-electron system Ti\(_{2}\)O\(_{3}\). We systematically study the charge dynamics in thermally and doping induced insulator-metal transitions of (Ti\(_{1-\mathrm{{x}}}\)V\(_{\mathrm{{x}}}\))\(_{2}\)O\(_{3}\). The origin of the observed doped-insulator-like characteristics, such as small Drude weight proportional to the doping level x, is proved to stem from the robust singlet formation on the Ti-Ti dimer. In addition, we closely investigate the dynamics of the doped holes in (Ti\(_{1-\mathrm{{x}}}\)V\(_{\mathrm{{x}}}\))\(_{2}\)O\(_{3}\) and have found that the doped holes show the ferromagnetic correlation and large negative magnetoresistance, while showing an extraordinarily large effective mass. We have ascribed such strong mass renormalization to a polaron effect originating from the strong electron-phonon coupling on the dimer sites.
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Notes
- 1.
Actually it has been experimentally unclear whether the gradual temperature change is a definite phase transition or a crossover.
- 2.
In reality, \(E_{\mathrm{p }}\) is expected not to bear a direct proportional relationship to \(d_{\mathrm{Ti-Ti }}\). \(E_{\mathrm{p }}\) satisfies the relation \(E_{\mathrm{p }} \propto t\) for the transfer integral \(t\) between the \(a_{1g}\) orbitals within the limited-basis Hartree-Fock approximation, and \(t\) between the \(3z^2-r^2\) orbitals in the Ti-Ti dimer shows the dependence \(-t_{3z^2-r^2, 3z^2-2} = (dd\sigma ) \propto d^{-5}\) for the interatomic distance \(d\), resulting in the relation \(E_{\mathrm{p }} \propto d_{\mathrm{Ti-Ti }}^{-5}\).
- 3.
The antiferromagnetic coupling is also expected from the Kanamori-Goodenough rule.
- 4.
In this case, the anisotropy of the band dispersion (namely Fermi velocity) is small judging from that of the resistivity (\(\rho _c/\rho _{ab} =1.6\)).
- 5.
We suppose that the carriers (holes) are coupled to the dimeric distortion to form a large polaron and can still propagate as a Bloch state. In this case, the conductivity increases with decreasing temperature while accompanying the phonon renormalization. In fact, in a simple electron-boson coupling model, the conductivity or the carrier mobility increases toward low temperature [46].
- 6.
At this time it is not clear how the proposed polaronic heavy-mass state is related to the high-temperature metallic phase of the parent material. The clue feature is not observed due to the incoherent structure (Fig. 4.9).
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Uchida, M. (2013). Charge Dynamics in a Doped Valence-Bond Solid System. In: Spectroscopic Study on Charge-Spin-Orbital Coupled Phenomena in Mott-Transition Oxides. Springer Theses. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54297-1_4
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