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Metagenomic Approach Yields Insights into Fungal Diversity and Functioning

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Species Diversity and Community Structure

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Abstract

Recent advances in molecular biological methods have drastically changed our understanding of the diversity, phylogeny, ecology, and evolution of fungi. The purpose of this chapter is to address recent progress in our knowledge about the biodiversity of fungi, with emphasis on the potential impact of pyrosequencing to estimate fungal diversity in environmental samples. Progress in DNA sequence-based techniques notably enables us not only to overcome potential flaws of traditional mycological techniques but also to evaluate fungal richness more efficiently and reliably. Especially, the development of next-generation sequencing technologies has revolutionized large-scale sequencing of environmental fungal DNA. A number of papers have been published regarding metagenomic analysis of fungal diversity in environmental samples, using Roche 454 pyrosequencing since 2009. The number of publications on fungal metagenomics will be accelerated, but there are potential methodological difficulties that have not been solved yet. DNA barcoding with universal genetic markers and high-quality sequence databases becomes more important as reliable taxonomic affiliations of numerous MOTUs are necessitated. Further studies are needed to test the applicability of pyrosequencing to such hot spots of fungal diversity as tropical forests and to explore functional aspects of fungal populations.

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Acknowledgments

I thank Dr. D. Hirose and Dr. E. Nakajima for critical reading of this manuscript; Mr. S. Matsuoka, Ms. C. Sakaguchi, Mr. K. Ito, Dr. S. Yazawa, Mr. O. Nishimura, Dr. H. Toju, and Dr. A. Tanabe for collaborations with pyrosequencing and bioinformatics. This work was supported by Global COE Program A06 of Kyoto University, the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports (No. 23770083), a JGC-S Scholarship Foundation for Young Researchers, the New Technology Development Foundation, and Nippon Life Insurance Foundation.

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  1. Department of Zoology Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan

    Teiji Sota

  2. Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, 2-509-3 Hirano, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2113, Japan

    Hideki Kagata, Yoshino Ando & Takashi Osono

  3. Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Moshiri, Horokanai, Hokkaido, 074-0741, Japan

    Shunsuke Utsumi

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  1. Teiji Sota
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Sota, T., Kagata, H., Ando, Y., Utsumi, S., Osono, T. (2014). Metagenomic Approach Yields Insights into Fungal Diversity and Functioning. In: Species Diversity and Community Structure. SpringerBriefs in Biology. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54261-2_1

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