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Block Copolymers as Antifouling and Fouling Resistant Coatings

  • Chapter
Anionic Polymerization

Abstract

Biofouling is a natural phenomenon in which biomolecules, cells, and more complex organisms attach themselves to surfaces. It is a problem affecting ship surfaces, water filtering systems, and piping systems that diminishes efficiency, possibly rendering a device inoperative and requires routine maintenance and even repair. Previously in marine applications, metal-based coatings have been used for their antifouling properties; however, these coatings are biocides and an increasing number of regulations have been passed to limit their use due to their environmental toxicity. Block copolymer coatings have been shown to have antifouling and fouling release properties and are being pursued as a nontoxic alternative. This chapter will present an in-depth exploration of different polymer architectures, fouling resistance structures, and strategies that have been employed to prevent biofouling including hyperbranched polymers, zwitterionic structures, amphiphilic polymers, and more. We will also discuss different methods used to test a coating’s ability for antifouling and fouling release.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank their collaborators of many years, Prof. Ed Kramer (UCSB), Profs. Jim and Maureen Callow (U. Birmingham), Dr. Dan Fischer (NIST and Brookhaven National Lab), Dr. Cherno Jave (Brookhaven National Lab), Prof. Gilbert Walker (Toronto), Prof. Craig Hawker (UCSB), Dr. John Finley (Newcastle), and Prof. Giancarlo Galli (Pisa). We also thank the previous graduate students and postdoctoral fellows whose research is referred to in this work. And we would finally like to thank the Office of Naval Research for research funding in this exciting area and other members of the antifouling team.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA

    David Calabrese, Brandon Wenning & Christopher K. Ober

  2. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA

    Christopher K. Ober

Authors
  1. David Calabrese
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  2. Brandon Wenning
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  3. Christopher K. Ober
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Christopher K. Ober .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia

    Nikos Hadjichristidis

  2. Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan

    Akira Hirao

Abbreviations

Abbreviations

AFM:

Atomic force microscopy

AGE:

Allyl glycidyl ether

ATRP:

Atom-transfer radical-polymerization

BSA:

Bovine serum albumin

CTFE:

Polychlorotrifluoroethylene

Da:

Daltons

DMAPA:

3-(Dimethylamino)-1-propylamine

EPS:

Extracellular polymeric substances

GPS:

3-(Glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxy silane

HBFP:

Hyperbranched fluoropolymer

L-DOPA:

L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine

MA:

Maleic anhydride

mCPBA:

m-Chloroperoxybenzoic acid

NEXAFS:

Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure

P2VP:

Poly(2-vinyl pyridine)

P4VP:

Poly(4-vinylpyridine)

Pa:

Pascals

PDMS:

Poly(dimethylsiloxane)

PEG:

Poly(ethylene glycol)

PMMA:

Poly(methyl methacrylate)

PS:

Polystyrene

PS-b-P(E/B)-b-PI:

Polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene-stat-butylene)-b-polyisoprene

PTFE:

Polytetrafluoroethylene

SABC:

Surface activated block copolymers

SEBS:

Polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene-stat-butylene)-b-polystyrene

SFM:

Scanning force microscopy

TBT:

Tributyl tin

UV:

Ultraviolet

XPS:

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

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Calabrese, D., Wenning, B., Ober, C.K. (2015). Block Copolymers as Antifouling and Fouling Resistant Coatings. In: Hadjichristidis, N., Hirao, A. (eds) Anionic Polymerization. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54186-8_20

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