Abstract
Transportation and aerospace cover a wide range of fields including ground transportation vehicles, aircrafts and space satellites. Ceramic products are used in a variety of applications within these fields. The characteristics required for these component vary depending on the application. Roughly speaking, the components are required to have high thermal resistance, light weight and high mechanical properties. Resin, which has low thermal resistance, cannot be used independently. Ceramics are superior to metals in terms of their light weight. Therefore, the market for ceramics has been expanding in these fields. Four ceramic components, among various components employed by transportation and aerospace, are explained in this section.
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Notes
- 1.
Embree L. et Thompson K. (dirs.), Phenomenology of the Political, Dordrecht/Boston/London, Kluwer, 2000.
- 2.
Note 13.2 Weight of solid fuel used by solid-fueled rockets. Propellant of the rocket engine is the substance injected from the rocket engine and the substance that generates energy supplied to the injected substance. In chemical rockets, both fuel and oxidant are called the propellant. Propellant is normally made by kneading ammonium perchlorate and metal powder, as oxidants, into polybutadiene-based synthetic rubber.
- 3.
Note 13.3 Composite made of silica fiber and phenol resin.
- 4.
Note 13.4 Composite made of carbon fiber and phenol resin.
- 5.
Note 13.5 A bell shaped body with a thickness of 3–10 mm and made of C/C composite.
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Note 13.6 To stack carbon fiber fabrics like cards layered by shifting each card slightly from the one below.
- 7.
Note 13.7 Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method applied to carbon (normally, methane gas is pyrolyzed).
- 8.
Note 13.8 The M-V rocket (m-V) is a three-stage rocket developed jointly by the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports (MEXT), Science and Technology and the Aerospace Division of Nissan Motor Co., Ltd (currently IHI Aerospace Co., Ltd.) and operated by the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) as the successor of the ISAS of MEXT. The rocket was used to launch satellites and planetary exploration spacecrafts from the launching facility located at the Uchinoura Space Center. The rocket retired after the launch of SOLAR-B at 6:36 p.m. on September 23, 2006. It was the last and most advanced rocket in the m series, solid-fueled rockets made in Japan. Its design originated from the “pencil” rockets that were developed by Dr. Itokawa.
- 9.
Note 13.9 The pseudoplastic deformation behavior of CMC is realized by the fibers that are pulled out of the matrix that bridging cracks in the matrix. A large amount of fracture energy is absorbed when the fibers are being pulled out. Microscopic fractures are generated in the matrix by deformation and plasticity cannot be maintained.
- 10.
Note 13.10 Through “Research and Development of Propulsion System for Supersonic Transport Aircraft” (1989–1998) by the Agency of Industrial Science under the Ministry of International Trade and Industry, the research was also commissioned to private companies through NEDO. The hybrid cycle engine operates in combination with a turbo jet core engine at low speeds of up to Mach 3 and in combination with a ramjet engines at high speeds of up to Mach 5.
- 11.
Note 13.11 The ESPR (Research and Development of Environmentally Compatible Propulsion System for Next-Generation Supersonic Transport) project (1999–2004) by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry included three technology subjects to establish the basic technology of engines for next generation supersonic transports: Low noise, NOx reduction, and CO2 reduction.
- 12.
Note 13.12 Carbon fiber reinforced plastics: a carbon fiber composite that uses carbon fibers as reinforcement fibers and epoxy resin as the matrix material. It is widely used in the sports industry in golf club shafts, tennis rackets, etc., and is also used as the primary structural material of aircrafts.
- 13.
Note 13.13 Life cycle cost: the total cost is obtained by adding the costs arising in all stages from the start of development to the end of the service life, including designing, trial production, production and operation. It is referred to as LCC.
- 14.
Note 13.14 Chemical vapor infiltration: hydrocarbon gas such as methane and propane is infiltrated into a preheated carbon fiber formed body to deposit the carbon generated by thermal decomposition for an improvement in density with this method.
- 15.
Note 13.15 The mirror used to collect light initially in a reflecting telescope. It is usually the largest mirror in a telescope.
- 16.
Note 13.16 Stands for root mean square and is one of the indexes used to express the level of error.
- 17.
Note 13.17 Glass materials featuring a thermal expansion coefficient of 10−6 or lower are usually called low expansion glass. Glass materials of special blending and glass ceramics in which part of the glass is recrystallized have been commercialized.
- 18.
Note 13.18 Stands for chemical vapor deposition. Gas containing the component of the thin film to be produced is supplied on a base substance heated in the reaction furnace in order to deposit the material through chemical reaction on the base surface or in the vapor phase. It is also called chemical deposition.
- 19.
Note 13.19 Reflecting mirrors are made by polishing the surface of the base material for the mirror surface. The material prior to the polishing process is called the base material.
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The Ceramic Society of Japan. (2012). Aviation, Aerospace, and Transportation. In: Advanced Ceramic Technologies & Products. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54108-0_13
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54108-0_13
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