Abstract
Schooling motion of fish was studied experimentally and analytically, focusing on two essential motions (approaching motion and parallel orienting motion) that fish execute to form and maintain a highly organized schooling motion. Two species of fish (bearded silverside, or Atherion elymus, and striped mullet, or Mugil cephalus) were observed, and the correlation of measured motion parameters (position, body direction, and moving direction) among individuals was used to determine which motion each individual was executing. Conspicuous similarities and differences between the approaching motion and parallel orienting motion were found in the number of interacting neighbors and in the relative position and time delay of motion between interacting individuals. An analytical model to simulate schooling motion was then designed based on those experimental results. The simulated schooling motion well reproduced the motion of a natural fish school and was therefore used to study the relationship between local interaction among individuals and global properties of schooling motion. This experimental and analytical approach both quantitatively and qualitatively clarified the properties of schooling motion of fish.
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Inada, Y., Kawachi, K., Liu, H. (2004). Experimental and Analytical Study of the Schooling Motion of Fish Based on Two Observed Individual Motions: Approaching Motion and Parallel Orienting Motion. In: Kato, N., Ayers, J., Morikawa, H. (eds) Bio-mechanisms of Swimming and Flying. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-53951-3_11
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-53951-3_11
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