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Psychopathie als klinisches und empirisches Konstrukt

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Behandlung von Straftätern

Part of the book series: Studien und Materialien zum Straf- und Massregelvollzug ((SMSM,volume 26))

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Zusammenfassung

In dem vorliegenden Überblicksbeitrag werden zwei bedeutsame Einflüsse auf die derzeitigen Konzeptualisierungen von Psychopathie2 betrachtet: Eine klinische Sichtweise, die vor allem in den frühen Fallstudien von Cleckley ihren Ursprung hat, und eine empirische, die aus der verbreiteten Anwendung der revidierten Fassung der Psychopathie Checkliste von Hare (PCL-R) resultiert. Manche kritisieren, dass die PCL-R zwar vordergründig auf der Arbeit von Cleckley aufbaue, jedoch von dem Konstrukt abdrifte, das er als Klinisches Profil beschreibt. Wir evaluieren dieses Profil und stellen fest, dass ihm eine unrepräsentative Patientenstichprobe zugrunde liegt, so dass es problematisch geworden ist, das Profil wörtlich und unkritisch zu übernehmen. Zudem argumentieren wir, dass das vermeintliche „Abdriften“ vom ursprünglichen Konstrukt für die derzeitigen Konzeptualisierungen von Psychopathie irrelevant ist. Vielmehr ist zu empfehlen, die umfassenden empirischen Befunde aus der strukturellen, genetischen, entwicklungsbezogenen, persönlichkeitsbasierten und neurobiologischen Forschung zu integrieren, statt starr an frühen klinischen Ausarbeitungen festzuhalten. Abschließend werden zukünftige Forschungsfragen zur Psychopathie aufgezeigt.

Erste Online-Publikation der englischsprachigen Originalfassung im November 2007, Druckausgabe der englischsprachigen Originalfassung erschienen 2008, Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 4, p. 217–246. Übersetzung mit freundlicher Genehmigung des Verlags. Übersetzung: Maike M. Breuer und Johann Endres (Erlangen).

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Authors
  1. Robert D. Hare
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  2. Craig S. Neumann
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Bernd Wischka Willi Pecher Hilde van den Boogaart

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Hare, R.D., Neumann, C.S. (2013). Psychopathie als klinisches und empirisches Konstrukt. In: Wischka, B., Pecher, W., van den Boogaart, H. (eds) Behandlung von Straftätern. Studien und Materialien zum Straf- und Massregelvollzug, vol 26. Centaurus Verlag & Media, Herbolzheim. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-86226-849-8_7

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