Abstract
The pulmonary valve annulus is generally small, rarely hypoplastic, and the pulmonary valve leaflets are generally well formed but fused. The main pulmonary artery is small but rarely is atretic as seen with pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect. The patent ductus arteriosus is usually small because it carries blood from the aorta to the pulmonary arteries in utero and not the other way around as in normal fetuses; therefore, much less blood travels through the patent ductus arteriosus in utero.
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(2009). Pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum. In: Congenital Heart Defects. Steinkopff. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7985-1719-6_10
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7985-1719-6_10
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