Abstract
This paper deals with automatic and collaborative metadata generation for learning objects. Firstly, content- and context-based methods of automatic metadata generation are analyzed with respect to their suitability for generating the metadata types defined in the IEEE LOM, based on the results of an experiment comparing key phrase extraction tools. Secondly, collaborative tagging is discussed as an approach for metadata generation that aims to profit from a possibly large number of users. Potentials and challenges are discussed with the help of an experiment on convergence, commitment and coordination in collaborative tagging. Finally, recommendations are given which motivate for a hybrid approach embracing both, automatic and collaborative solutions to metadata generation.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
http://dublincore.org/
- 2.
Alliance of Remote Instructional Authoring and Distribution Networks for Europe http://www.ariadne-eu.org/
- 3.
10 resources with 5 ranks = 50 possible rankings
References
Brook Wu Y, Li Q, Bot RS, Chen X (2005) Domain-specific Keyphrase Extraction. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management. Bremen, pp 283–284
Cardinaels K (2007) A Dynamic Learning Object Life Cycle and its Implications for Automatic Metadata Generation. Ph.D. thesis, University of Leuven, Belgium
Cardinaels K, Meire M, Duval E (2005) Automating Metadata Generation: the Simple Indexing Interface. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on World Wide Web. Chiba, pp 548–556
Cavnar WB, Trenkle M (1994) N-Gram-Based Text Categorization. In: Proceedings of the 3rd Annual Symposium on Document Analysis and Information Retrieval. Las Vegas, USA, pp 161–175
Cattuto C, Loreto V, Pietronero, L (2007) Semiotic dynamics and collaborative tagging. PNAS 104(5):1461–1464
Duval E, Hodgins W (2003) A LOM Research Agenda, in: Proceedings of the 12th International World Wide Web Conference. Budapest
Duval E, Hodgins W (2004) Metadata Matters. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Dublin Core and Metadata Applications. Shanghai
Edvardsen LFH (2005) Use of automatic processes for creating learning object metadata. URL: http://www.idi.ntnu.no/~lfedvard/phd/AutomaticProcessesAndMetadataV1.4.pdf, last access: 18.02.2008
Frank E, Paynter GW, Witten IH, Gutwin C, Nevill-Manning CG (1999) Domain-Specific Keyphrase Extraction. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. Stockholm, pp 668–673
Giles CL, Bollacker KD, Lawrence S (1998) CiteSeer: An Automatic Citation Indexing System. In: Proceedings of the 3rd Conference on Digital Libraries. Pittsburgh, USA, pp 89–98
Golder SA, Huberman BA (2005) The Structure of Collaborative Tagging Systems. Palo Alto, USA, Information Dynamics Lab: HP Labs
Greenberg J (2004) Metadata Extraction and Harvesting: A Comparison of Two Automatic Metadata Generation Applications. Journal of Internet Cataloging 6(4):59–82
Guy M, Tonkin E (2006) Folksonomies - Tidying up Tags?. D-Lib Magazine 12(1)
Han H, Giles CL, Manavoglu E, Zha H, Zhang Z, Fox E (2003) Automatic Document Metadata Extraction using Support Vector Machines. In: Proceedings of the Joint Conference on Digital Libraries. Houston, USA, pp 37–48
Hatala M, Forth S (2003) A Comprehensive System For Computer-Aided Metadata Generation. In: Proceedings of the 12th International World Wide Web Conference. Budapest
Hettrich A, Koroleva N (2003) Marktstudie: Learning Management Systeme und Learning Content Management Systeme. Stuttgart, Germany
Hörmann S (2006) Wiederverwendung von digitalen Lernobjekten in einem auf Aggregation basierenden Autorenprozess. Ph.D. thesis, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Germany
Hu Y, Li H, Cao Y, Teng L, Meyeron D, Zheng Q (2006) Automatic extraction of titles from general documents using machine learning. Journal of Information Processing and Management 42(5):1276–1293
Humphreys K (2002) PhraseRate: An HTML Keyphrase Extractor, Technical report, University of California, Riverside
IEEE (2002) Draft Standard for Learning Object Metadata. URL: http://ltsc.ieee.org/wg12/files/LOM_1484_12_1_v1_Final_Draft.pdf, last access: 18.02.2008
Jones S, Lundy S, Paynter G (2002) Interactive Document Summarisation Using Automatically Extracted Keyphrases. In: Proceedings of the 35th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Hawaii
Kim Y, Ross S (2006) Automating Metadata Extraction: Genre Classifica-tion. Kim, Dr Yunhyong and Ross, Prof Seamus (2006) Automating Metadata Extraction: Genre Classification. In: Proceedings of the UK e-Science All Hands Meeting 2006: Achievements, Challenges, and New Opportunities. Nottingham, UK
Klamma R, Amine Chatti M, Duval E, et al. (2006) Social Software for Professional Learning: Examples and Research Issues. In: Proceedings of the 6th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies. Kerkrade, The Netherlands
Knight G (2007) File format typing and format registries. URL: http://www.sherpadp.org.uk/documents/wp63-formatregistries.pdf, last access: 18.02.2008
McGregor G, McCulloch E (2006) Collaborative tagging as a knowledge organisation and resource discovery tool. Library Review 55(5):291–300
Medelyan O, Witten IH (2006) Thesaurus Based Automatic Keyphrase In-dexing. In: Proceedings of the 6th ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries. Chapel Hill, USA, pp 296–297
Motelet O, Baloian N, Pino JA (2006) Learning Object Metadata and Automatic Processes: Issues and Perspectives. In: Harman K, Koohang A (eds) Learning Objects: Standards, Metadata, Repositories, and LCMS. Informing Science Press
Motelet O, Baloian N, Pino JA (2007) Hybrid System for Generating Learning Object Metadata. Journal of Computers 2(3):34–42
Ochoa X, Cardinaels K, Meire M, Duval E (2005) Frameworks for the Automatic Indexation of Learning Management Systems Content into Learning Object Repositories. In: Proceedings of the World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia and Telecommunications. Montréal, Canada, pp 1407–1414
O‘Reilly T (2005) What Is Web 2.0. Design Patterns and Business Models for the Next Generation of Software, URL: http://www.oreillynet.com/pub/a/oreilly/tim/news/2005/09/30/what-is-web-20.html, last access: 17.02.2008
Pansanato LTE, Fortes RPM (2005) Strategies for filling out LOM metadata fields in a Web-based CSCL tool. In: Proceedings of 3rd Latin American Web Congress. Buenos Aires, Argentina, pp 187–190
Paynter GW (2005) Developing Practical Automatic Metadata Assignment and Evaluation Tools for Internet Resources. In: Proceedings of 5th ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries. Denver, pp 291–300
Rollett H, Lux M, Strohmaier M, Dösinger G, Tochtermann K (2007) The Web 2.0 way of learning with technologies. International Journal of Learning Technology 3(1):87–107.
Shipman F, McCall R (1994) Supporting Knowledge-Base Evolution with Incremental Formalization. In: Proceedings of SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Boston, pp 285–291
Spaniol M, Klamma R, Lux M (2007) Imagesemantics: User-Generated Metadata, Content Based Retrieval & Beyond. In: Proceedings of I-Media’07, Graz. Austria, pp 41–48
Surowiecki J (2004) The Wisdom of Crowds: Why the Many Are Smarter Than the Few and How Collective Wisdom Shapes Business, Economies, Societies and Nations Little. B&T Press
Turney P (1999) Learning to extract keyphrases from text. Technical report, Institute for Information Technology, National Research Council of Canada
Warner JW, Brown EW (2001) Automated Name Authority Control. In: Proceedings of the 1st ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries. Roanoke, USA, pp 22–23
Weiss A (2005) The power of collective intelligence. netWorker 9(3):16–23
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2010 Physica-Verlag Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Bauer, M., Maier, R., Thalmann, S. (2010). Metadata Generation for Learning Objects: An Experimental Comparison of Automatic and Collaborative Solutions. In: Breitner, M., Lehner, F., Staff, J., Winand, U. (eds) E-Learning 2010. Physica, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-2355-4_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-2355-4_13
Published:
Publisher Name: Physica, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-7908-2354-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-7908-2355-4
eBook Packages: Business and Economics (German Language)