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Reciprocal connections between the suprachiasmatic nucleus and the midbrain raphe nuclei: A putative role in the circadian control of behavioral states

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Serotonin and Sleep: Molecular, Functional and Clinical Aspects

Abstract

The primary circadian pacemaker resides within the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the hypothalamus, and controls the circadian rhythms of virtually all mammalian behaviors and physiological processes, including sleep and wakefulness. Serotonergic neurons in the midbrain dorsal (DRN) and median (MRN) raphe nuclei have been suggested to play an important role in behavioral state control. These neurons also show circadian rhythmicity in their activity, and may be an important target of the SCN circadian signal for organizing circadian sleep-wake rhythms. There are, however, no direct efferent projections from the SCN to the DRN or the MRN, suggesting that most of the SCN neuronal output may be conveyed indirectly. In this review, we first provide an overview of the anatomical evidence for the indirect neuronal pathways from the SCN to the DRN and MRN via several hypothalamic nuclei, namely, the medial preoptic area, subparaventricular zone, and dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus. We discuss functional evidence to suggest that the SCN may influence the regulation of sleep-wake states by sending its circadian signal through these indirect pathways to the raphe nuclei. We then consider the feedback projections from the DRN and MRN to the SCN, and discuss functional evidence to suggest that these projections carry feedback information to the SCN regarding the vigilance state of the animal. We hypothesize that the reciprocal interactions between the circadian and sleep-wake regulatory systems may ensure a stable yet adaptive rhythmicity of daily sleepwake cycles.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 1X5, Canada

    Samüel Deurveilher & Kazue Semba

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  1. Samüel Deurveilher
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  2. Kazue Semba
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  1. Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Clinics Hospital, Montevideo, 11300, Uruguay

    Jaime M. Monti

  2. Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street - Rm # BB813, New York, NY, 10032, USA

    S. R. Pandi-Perumal

  3. Green Hall, Program in Neuroscience, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA

    Barry L. Jacobs

  4. Psychopharmacology Unit, Dorothy Hodgkin Building Whitson Street, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK

    David J. Nutt

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Deurveilher, S., Semba, K. (2008). Reciprocal connections between the suprachiasmatic nucleus and the midbrain raphe nuclei: A putative role in the circadian control of behavioral states. In: Monti, J.M., Pandi-Perumal, S.R., Jacobs, B.L., Nutt, D.J. (eds) Serotonin and Sleep: Molecular, Functional and Clinical Aspects. Birkhäuser Basel. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7643-8561-3_4

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