Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Cell Organelles pp 137–163Cite as

Organization and Expression of Genes of Plastid Chromosomes from Non-Angiospermous Land Plants and Green Algae

  • Chapter

Part of the book series: Plant Gene Research ((GENE))

Abstract

Since the presence of DNA was first detected in the chloroplasts of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Sager and Ishida, 1963), there has been intensive study of molecular aspects of plastid DNA from various species of green cells. Chloroplasts are photosynthetic organelles that have their own genetic system, separate from the nuclear genome, which also encodes various plastid proteins. The organization of plastid genomes has been reviewed elsewhere (Whitfeld and Bottomley, 1983; Palmer, 1985, 1992). The complete nucleotide sequences of the plastid genomes of a liverwort, Marchantia polymorpha (Ohyama et al., 1986, 1988a–c) (Fig. 1), angiosperms, tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) (Shinozaki et al., 1986) and rice (Oryza sativa) (Hiratsuka et al., 1989), have been reported, providing new knowledge of plastid genome organization and gene expression. This chapter focuses on the characteristic features of plastid genomes, genes, and gene expression from non-angiospermous land plants and the green alga, C. reinhardtii and Euglena gracilis (Whittier and Sugiura, 1992), Euglena chloroplast DNA was recently reviewed by Hallick and Buetow (1989).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Anderson S, Bankier AT, Barrell BG, de Bruijn MHL, Coulson AR, Drouin J, Eperon IC, Nierlich DP, Roe BA, Sanger F, Schreier PH, Smith AJH, Staden R, Young IG (1981) Sequence and organization of the human mitochondrial genome. Nature 290: 457–465

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bachmann BJ, Low KB (1980) Linkage map of Eschehchia coli K-12, edition 6. Microbiol Rev 44: 1–56

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bedwell D, Davis G, Gosink M, Post L, Nomura M, Kestler H, Zengel JM, Lindal L (1985) Nucleotide sequence of the alpha ribosomal protein operon of Escherichia coli. Nucleic Acids Res 13: 3891–3903

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Behn W, Herrmann RG (1977) Circular molecules in the betasatellite DNA of Chlamydomonas reinhardii. Mol Gen Genet 157: 25–30

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bennoun P (1982) Evidence for a respiratory chain in the chloroplast. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79: 4352–4356

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bergmann P, Schneider M, Burkard G, Weil JH, Rochaix JD (1985) Transfer RNA gene mapping studies on chloroplast DNA from Chlamydomonas reinhardii. Plant Sci 39: 133–140

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bognar AL, Osborne C, Shane B (1987) Primary structure of the Escherichia coli folC gene and its folylpolyglutamate synthetase-dihydrofolate synthetase product and regulation of expression by an upstream gene. J Biol Chem 262: 12337–12343

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bonitz SG, Berlani R, Coruzzi G, Li M, Macino G, Nobrega FG, Nobrega MP, Thalenfeld BE, Tzagoloff A (1980a) Codon recognition rules in yeast mitochondria. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77: 3167–3170

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bonitz SG, Coruzzi G, Thalenfeld BE, Tzagoloff A, Macino G (1980b) Assembly of the mitochondrial membrane system, structure and nucleotide sequence of the gene coding for subunit 1 of yeast cytochrome oxidase. J Biol Chem 255: 11927–11941

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boynton JE, Gillham NW, Harris EH, Hosier JP, Johnson AM, Jones AR, Randolph-Anderson BL, Robertson D, Klein TM, Shark KB, Sanford JC (1988) Chloroplast transformation in Chlamydomonas with high velocity microprojectiles. Science 240: 1534–1538

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boynton JE, Gillham NW, Newman SM, Harris EH (1992) Organelle genetics and transformations of Chlamydomonas. In: Herrmann RG (ed) Cell organelles. Springer, Wien New York, pp 3–64 [Dennis ES et al (eds) Plant gene research. Basic knowledge and application]

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Buckel SD, Bell AW, Rao JKM, Hermodson MA (1986) An analysis of the structure of the product of the rbsA gene of Escherichia coli K12. J Biol Chem 261: 7659–7662

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cerretti DP, Dean D, Davis GR, Bedwell DM, Nomura M (1983) The spc ribosomal protein operon of Escherichia coli: sequence and cotranscription of the ribosomal protein genes and a protein export gene. Nucleic Acids Res 11: 2599–2616

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chiang KS, Sueoka N (1967) Replication of chloroplast DNA in Chlamydomonas reinhardi during vegetative cell cycle: its mode and regulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 57: 1506–1513

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chomyn A, Mariottini P, Cleeter MWJ, Ragan CI, Matsuno-Yagi A, Hatefi Y, Doolittle RF, Attardi G (1985) Six unidentified reading frames of human mitochondrial DNA encode components of the respiratory-chain NADH dehydrogenase. Nature 314: 592–597

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chomyn A, Cleeter MWJ, Ragan CI, Riley M, Doolittle RF, Attardi G (1986) URF6, last unidentified reading frame of human mtDNA, codes for an NADH dehydrogenase subunit. Science 234: 614–618

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Choquet Y, Goldschmidt-Clermont M, Girard-Bascou J, Kuck U, Bennoun P, Rochaix JD (1988) Mutant phenotypes support a trans-splicing mechanism for the expression of the tripartite psaA gene in the C. reinhardtii chloroplast. Cell 52: 903–913

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Copertino DW, Hallick RB (1991) Group II twintron: an intron within an intron in a chloroplast cytochrome b-559 gene. EMBO J 10: 433–442

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cozens AL, Walker JE, Phillips AL, Huttly AK, Gray JC (1986) A sixth subunit of ATP synthase, an F0 component, is encoded in the pea chloroplast genome. EMBO J 5: 217–222

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crick FHC (1966) Codon-anticodon pairing: the wobble hypothesis. J Mol Biol 19: 548–555

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crouse EJ, Schmitt JM, Bohnert HJ (1985) Chloroplast and cyanobacterial genomes, genes and RNAs: a compilation. Plant Mol Biol Rep 3: 43–89

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cushman JC, Christopher DA, Little MC, Hallick RB, Price CA (1988) Organization of the psb E, psb F, orf 38, and orf 42 gene loci on the Euglena gracilis chloroplast genome. Curr Genet 13: 173–180

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dalmon J, Loiseaux S, Bazetoux S (1983) Heterogeneity of plastid DNA of two species of brown algae. Plant Sci Lett 29: 243–253

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dron M, Rahire M, Rochaix JD (1982) Sequence of the chloroplast DNA region of Chlamydomonas reinhardii containing the gene of the large subunit of ribulose bisphos-phate carboxylase and parts of its flanking genes. J Mol Biol 162: 775–793

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Erickson JM, Rahire M, Rochaix JD (1984) Chlamydomonas reinhardii gene for the 32 000 mol.wt. protein of photosystem II contains four large introns and is located entirely within the chloroplast inverted repeat. EMBO J 3: 2753–2762

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fearnley IM, Runswick MJ, Walker JE (1989) A homologue of the nuclear coded 49 kd subunit of bovine mitochondrial NADH-ubiquinone reductase is coded in chloroplast DNA. EMBO J 8: 665–672

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fournier MJ, Ozeki H (1985) Structure and organization of the transfer ribonucleic acid genes of Escherichia coli K-12. Microbiol Rev 49: 379–397

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fujita Y, Takahashi Y, Kohchi T, Ozeki H, Ohyama K, Matsubara H (1989) Identification of a novel nifH-like (frxC) protein in chloroplasts of the liverwort Marchanda poly-morpha. Plant Mol Biol 13: 551–561

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fukuzawa H, Kohchi T, Shirai H, Ohyama K, Umesono K, Inokuchi H, Ozeki H (1986) Coding sequences for chloroplast ribosomal protein S12 from the liverwort, Marchanda polymorpha, are separated far apart on the different DNA strands. FEBS Lett 198: 11–15

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fukuzawa H, Yoshida T, Kohchi T, Okumura T, Sawano Y, Ohyama K (1987) Splicing of group II introns in mRNAs coding for cytochrome b6 and subunit IV in the liverwort Marchanda polymorpha chloroplast genome. Exon specifying a region coding for two genes with the spacer region. FEBS Lett 220: 61–66

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fukuzawa H, Kohchi T, Sano T, Shirai H, Umesono K, Inokuchi H, Ozeki H, Ohyama K (1988) Structure and organization of Marchanda polymorpha chloroplast genome: III. Gene organization of the large single copy region from rbcL to trnI(CAU). J Mol Biol 203: 333–351

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gilson E, Nikaido H, Hofnung M (1982) Sequence of the ma1 K gene in E. coli K12. Nucleic Acids Res 10: 7449–7458

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gingrich JC, Hallick RB (1985) The Euglena gracilis chloroplast ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase gene. J Biol Chem 260: 16156–16161

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Graf L, Kossel H, Stutz E (1980) Sequencing of 16S–23S spacer in a ribosomal RNA operon of Euglena gracilis chloroplast DNA reveals two tRNA genes. Nature 286: 908–910

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gray PW, Hallick RB (1977) Restriction endonuclease map of Euglena gracilis chloroplast DNA. Biochemistry 16: 1665–1671

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Greenberg BM, Hallick RB (1986) Accurate transcription and processing of 19 Euglena chloroplast tRNAs in a Euglena soluble extract. Plant Mol Biol 6: 89–100

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hallick RB (1989) Proposal for the naming of chloroplast genes. II. Update to the nomenclature of genes for thylakoid membrane polypeptides. Plant Mol Biol Rep 7: 266–275

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hallick RB, Buetow DE (1989) Chloroplast DNA. In: Buetow DE (ed) The biology of Euglena, vol 4. Academic Press, London, pp 351–414

    Google Scholar 

  • Hallick RB, Christopher DA, Copertino DW, Drager RG, Hong L, Nelson KP, Radebaugh C, Stevenson JK, Sleator NJ, Yapiz-Plascencia G (1989) The organization and expression of photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic operons of Euglena gracilis chloroplast DNA. In: Proceedings of VIIIth International Congress on Photosynthesis. Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp 491–498

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayashida N, Matsubayashi T, Shinozaki K, Sugiura M, Inoue K, Hiyama T (1987) The gene for the 9 kd polypeptide, a possible apoprotein for the iron-sulfur centers A and B of the photosystem I complex, in tobacco chloroplast DNA. Curr Genet 12: 247–250

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hearst JE, Alberti M, Doolittle RF (1985) A putative nitrogenase reductase gene found in the nucleotide sequences from the photosynthetic gene cluster of R. capsulata. Cell 40: 219–220

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Herdman M, Stanier RY (1977) The cyanelle: chloroplast or endosymbiotic prokaryote? FEMS Lett 1: 7–12

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Herrmann RG, Bohnert H-J, Driesel A, Hobom G (1976) The location of rRNA genes on the restriction endonuclease map of the Spinacia oleracea chloroplast DNA. In: Bücher T, Neupert W, Sebald W, Werner S (eds) Genetics and biogenesis of chloroplast and mitochondria. North-Holland, Amsterdam, pp 351–359

    Google Scholar 

  • Herrmann RG, Palta HK, Kowallik KV (1980) Chloroplast DNA from three archegoniates. Planta 148: 319–327

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Higgins CF, Haag PD, Nikaido K, Ardeshir F, Garcia G, Ames GFL (1982) Complete nucleotide sequence and identification of membrane components of the histidine transport operon of S. typhimuhum. Nature 298: 723–727

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Higgins CF, Hiles ID, Whalley K, Jamieson DJ (1985) Nucleotide binding by membrane components of bacterial periplasmic binding protein-dependent transport systems. EMBO J 4: 1033–1040

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Higgins CF, Hiles ID, Salmond GPC, Gill DR, Downie JA, Evans IJ, Holland IB, Gray L, Buckel SD, Bell AW, Hermodson MA (1986) A family of related ATP-binding subunits coupled to many distinct biological processes in bacteria. Nature 323: 448–450

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hiratsuka J, Shimada H, Whittier R, Ishibashi T, Sakamoto M, Mori M, Kondo C, Honji Y, Sun CR, Meng BY, Li YQ, Kanno A, Nishizawa Y, Hirai A, Shinozaki K, Sugiura M (1989) The complete sequence of the rice (Oryza sativa) chloroplast genome: intermolecular recombination between distinct tRNA genes accounts for a major plastid DNA inversion during the evolution of the cereals. Mol Gen Genet 217: 185–194

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Høj PB, Svendsen I, Scheller HV, Moller BL (1987) Identification of a chloroplast-encoded 9-kDa polypeptide as a 2[4Fe-4S] protein carrying centers A and B of photosystem I. J Biol Chem 262: 12676–12684

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Howe CJ (1985) The endpoints of an inversion in wheat chloroplast DNA are associated with short repeated sequences containing homology to att-lambda. Curr Genet 10: 139–145

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Howe CJ, Barker RF, Bowman CM, Dyer TA (1988) Common features of three inversions in wheat chloroplast DNA. Curr Genet 13: 343–349

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hyman BC, Cramer JH, Rownd RH (1982) Properties of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae mtDNA segment conferring high-frequency yeast transformation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79: 1578–1582

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ikeuchi M, Koike H, Inoue Y (1989) N-terminal sequencing of low-molecular-mass components in cyanobacterial photosystem II core complex. Two components correspond to unidentified open reading frames of plant chloroplast DNA. FEBS Lett 253: 178–182

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johann S, Hinton SM (1987) Cloning and nucleotide sequence of the ch1 D locus. J Bacteriol 169: 1911–1916

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kohchi T, Ogura Y, Umesono K, Yamada Y, Komano T, Ozeki H, Ohyama K (1988a) Ordered processing and splicing in a polycistronic transcript in liverwort chloroplasts. Curr Genet 14: 147–154

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kohchi T, Shirai H, Fukuzawa H, Sano T, Komano T, Umesono K, Inokuchi H, Ozeki H, Ohyama K (1988b) Structure and organization of Marchanda polymorpha chloroplast genome: IV. Inverted repeat and small single copy regions. J Mol Biol 203: 353–372

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kohchi T, Umesono K, Ogura Y, Komine Y, Nakahigashi K, Komano T, Yamada Y, Ozeki H, Ohyama K (1988c) A nicked group II intron and trans-splicing in liverwort, Marchantia polymorpha, chloroplasts. Nucleic Acids Res 16: 10025–10036

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kohchi T, Yoshida T, Komano T, Ohyama K (1988d) Divergent mRNA transcription in the chloroplast psb B operon. EMBO J 7: 885–891

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koller B, Delius H (1982a) Origin of replication in chloroplast DNA of Euglena gracilis located close to the region of variable size. EMBO J 1: 995–998

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koller B, Delius H (1982b) Electron microscopic analysis of the extra 16SrRNA gene and its neighbourhood in chloroplast DNA from Euglena gracilis strain Z. FEBS Lett 139: 86–92

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koller B, Delius H (1984) Intervening sequences in chloroplast genomes. Cell 36: 613–622

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kolodner RD, Tewari KK (1975) Chloroplast DNA from higher plants replicates by both the Cairns and the rolling circle mechanism. Nature 256: 708–711

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kolodner R, Tewari KK (1979) Inverted repeats in chloroplast DNA from higher plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76: 41–45

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kück U, Choquet Y, Schneider M, Dron M, Bennoun P (1987) Structural and transcription analysis of two homologous genes for the P700 chlorophyll a-apoproteins in Chlamydomonas reinhardii: evidence for in vivo trans-splicing. EMBO J 6: 2185–2195

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lambert DH, Bryant DA, Stirewalt VL, Dubbs JM, Stevens Jr SE, Porter RD (1985) Gene map for the Cyanophora paradoxa cyanelle genome. J Bacteriol 164: 659–664

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lerbs S, Bräutigam E, Mache R (1988) DNA-dependent RNA polymerase of spinach chloroplasts: characterization of alpha-like and sigma-like polypeptides. Mol Gen Genet 211: 459–464

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Little MC, Hallick RB (1988) Chloroplast rpo A, rpo B, and rpo C genes specify at least three components of a chloroplast DNA-dependent RNA polymerase active in tRNA and mRNA transcription. J Biol Chem 263: 14302–14307

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Malkin R, Bearden AJ (1978) Membrane-bound iron-sulfur centers in photosynthetic systems. Biochim Biophys Acta 505: 147–181

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Malnoe P, Rochaix JD, Chua NH, Spahr PF (1979) Characterization of the gene and messenger RNA of the large subunit of ribulose 1,5-diphosphate carboxylase in Chlamydomonas reinhardii. J Mol Biol 133: 417–434

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Manning JE, Wolstenholme DR, Ryan RS, Hunter JA, Richards OC (1971) Circular chloroplast DNA from Euglena gracilis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 68: 1169–1173

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Manning JE, Richards OC (1972) Isolation and molecular weight of circular chloroplast DNA from Euglena gracilis. Biochim Biophys Acta 259: 285–296

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Markowicz Y, Mache R, Goer SLD (1988) Sequence of the plastid rDNA spacer region of the brown alga Pylaiella littoralis (L.) Kjellm. Evolutionary significance. Plant Mol Biol 10: 465–469

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Michel F, Dujon B (1983) Conservation of RNA secondary structures in two intron families including mitochondrial-, chloroplast-and nuclear-encoded members. EMBO J 2: 33–38

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Michel F, Umesono K, Ozeki H (1989) Comparative and functional anatomy of group II catalytic introns—a review. Gene 82: 5–30

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miller J, McLachlan AD, Klug A (1985) Repetitive zinc-binding domains in the protein transcription factor IIIA from Xenopus oocytes. EMBO J 4: 1609–1614

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Minami Y, Wakabayashi S, Wada K, Matsubara H, Kerscher L, Oesterhelt D (1985) Amino acid sequence of a ferredoxin from thermoacidophilic archaebacterium, Sulfolobus acidocaldarius. Presence of an N6-monomethyllysine and phyletic consideration of archaebacteria. J Biochem 97: 745–753

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Montandon PE, Stutz E (1983) Nucleotide sequence of a Euglena gracilis chloroplast genome region coding for the elongation factor Tu; evidence for a spliced mRNA. Nucleic Acids Res 11: 5877–5892

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oh-oka H, Takahashi Y, Wada K, Matsubara H, Ohyama K, Ozeki H (1987) The 8 kDa polypeptide in photosystem I is a probable candidate of an iron-sulfur center protein coded by the chloroplast gene frxA. FEBS Lett 218: 52–54

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oh-oka H, Takahashi Y, Matsubara H (1989) Topological considerations of the 9-kDa polypeptide which contains centers A and B, associated with the 1-and 19-kDa polypeptides in the photosystem I complex of spinach. Plant Cell Physiol 30: 869–875

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ohyama K, Yamada Y (1985) Metabolite accumulation by plant genetic engineering. Hakko to Kogyo 43: 814–820

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ohyama K, Yamano Y, Fukuzawa H, Komano T, Yamagishi H, Fujimoto S, Sugiura M (1983) Physical mappings of chloroplast DNA from liverwort Marchanda polymorpha L. cell suspension cultures. Mol Gen Genet 189: 1–9

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ohyama K, Fukuzawa H, Kohchi T, Shirai H, Sano T, Sano S, Umesono K, Shiki Y, Takeuchi M, Chang Z, Aota S, Inokuchi H, Ozeki H (1986) Chloroplast gene organization deduced from complete sequence of liverwort Marchantia polymorpha chloroplast DNA. Nature 322: 572–574

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ohyama K, Fukuzawa H, Kohchi T, Sano T, Sano S, Shirai H, Umesono K, Shiki T, Takeuchi M, Chang Z, Aota S, Inokuchi H, Ozeki H (1988a) Structure and organization of Marchantia polymorpha chloroplast genome: I. Cloning and gene identification. J Mol Biol 203: 281–298

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ohyama K, Kohchi T, Fukuzawa H, Sano T, Umesono K, Ozeki H (1988b) Gene organization and newly identified groups of genes of the chloroplast genome from a liverwort, Marchantia polymorpha. Photosynthesis Res 16: 7–22

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ohyama K, Kohchi T, Sano T, Yamada Y (1988c) Newly identified groups of genes in chloroplasts. Trends Biochem Sci 13: 19–22

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ohyama K, Kohchi T, Ogura Y, Oda K, Yamato K, Sano T, Yamada Y (1990) Gene organization and expression of chloroplast genome from a liverwort, Marchantia polymorpha. Bot Mag (Tokyo) special issue 2: 3–10

    Google Scholar 

  • Oka A, Sugimoto K, Takanami M, Hirota Y (1980) Replication origin of the Escherichia coli K-12 chromosome: The size and structure of the minimum DNA segment carrying the information for autonomous replication. Mol Gen Genet 178: 9–20

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ozeki H, Ohyama K, Inokuchi H, Fukuzawa H, Kohchi T, Sano T, Nakahigashi K, Umesono K (1987) Genetic system of chloroplasts. Cold Spring Harbor Symp Quant Biol 52: 791–804

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ozeki H, Umesono K, Inokuchi H, Kohchi T, Ohyama K (1989) The chloroplast genome of plants: a unique origin. Genome 31: 169–174

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Palmer JD (1983) Chloroplast DNA exists in two orientations. Nature 301: 92–93

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Palmer JD (1985) Comparative organization of chloroplast genomes. Annu Rev Genet 19: 325–354

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Palmer JD (1992) Comparison of chloroplast and mitochondrial genome evolution in plants. In: Herrmann RG (ed) Cell organelles. Springer, Wien New York, pp 99–133 [Dennis ES et al (eds) Plant gene research. Basic knowledge and application]

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Palmer JD, Stein DB (1986) Conservation of chloroplast genome structure among vascular plants. Curr Genet 10: 823–833

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Palmer JD, Thompson WF (1981) Rearrangements in the chloroplast genomes of mung bean and pea. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78: 5533–5537

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Palmer JD, Thompson WF (1982) Chloroplast DNA rearrangements are more frequent when a large inverted repeat sequence is lost. Cell 29: 537–550

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Passavant CW, Hallick RB (1985) Location, nucleotide sequence and expression of the proton-translocating subunit gene of the E. gracilis chloroplast ATP synthase. Plant Mol Biol 4: 347–354

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ravel-Chapuis P, Heizmann P, Nigon V (1982) Electron microscopic localization of the replication origin of Euglena gracilis chloroplast DNA. Nature 300: 78–81

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rawson JRY, Kushner SR, Vapnek D, Alton NK, Boerma CL (1978) Chloroplast ribosomal RNA genes in Euglena gracilis exist as three clustered tandem repeats. Gene 3: 191–209

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reznikoff WS, Siegele DA, Cowing DW, Gross CA (1985) The regulation of transcription initiation in bacteria. Annu Rev Genet 19: 355–387

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robson R, Woodley P, Jones R (1986) Second gene (ntf H*) coding for a nitrogenase iron protein in Azotobacter chroococcum is adjacent to a gene coding for a ferredoxin-like protein. EMBO J 5: 1159–1163

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rochaix JD (1978) Restriction endonuclease map of the chloroplast DNA of Chlamydomonas reinhardii. J Mol Biol 126: 597–617

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rochaix JD (1992) Control of plastid gene expression in Chlamydomonas reinhardii. In: Herrmann RG (ed) Cell organelles. Springer, Wien New York, pp 249–274 [Dennis ES et al (eds) Plant gene research. Basic knowledge and application]

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Rochaix JD, Darlix JL (1982) Composite structure of the chloroplast 23S ribosomal RNA genes of Chlamydomonas reinhardii: evolutionary and functional implications. J Mol Biol 159: 383–395

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rochaix JD, Malnoe P (1978) Anatomy of the chloroplast ribosomal DNA of Chlamydomonas reinhardii. Cell 15: 661–670

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rochaix JD, van Dillewijn J, Rahire M (1984) Construction and characterization of autonomously replicating plasmids in the green unicellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardii. Cell 36: 925–931

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roux E, Graf L, Stutz E (1983) Nucleotide sequence of a ‘truncated rRNA operon’ of the Euglena gracilis chloroplast genome. Nucleic Acids Res 11: 1957–1968

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roux E, Stutz E (1985) The chloroplast genome of Euglena gracilis: the mosaic structure of a DNA segment linking the extra 16S rRNA gene with the rrn operon A. Curr Genet 9: 221–227

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sager R, Ishida MR (1963) Chloroplast DNA in Chlamydomonas. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 50: 725–730

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saraste M, Gay NJ, Eberle A, Runswick MJ, Walker JE (1981) The atp operon: nucleotide sequence of the genes for the gamma, beta and epsilon subunits of Escherichia coli ATP synthase. Nucleic Acids Res 9: 5287–5296

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sasaki Y, Nagano Y, Morioka S, Ishikawa H, Matsuno R (1989) A chloroplast gene encoding a protein with one zinc finger. Nucleic Acids Res 17: 6217–6227

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schlunegger B, Stutz E (1984) The Euglena gracilis chloroplast genome: structural features of a DNA region possibly carrying the single origin of DNA replication. Curr Genet 8: 629–634

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schlunegger B, Fasnacht M, Stutz E, Koller B, Delius H (1983) Analysis of a polymorphic region of the Euglena gracilis chloroplast genome. Biochim Biophys Acta 739: 114–121

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt RJ, Hosler JP, Gillham NW, Boynton JE (1985) Biogenesis and evolution of chloroplast ribosomes: cooperation of nuclear and chloroplast genes. In: Steinback KE, Bonitz S, Arntzen CJ, Bogorad L (eds) Molecular biology of the photosynthetic apparatus. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, pp 417–427

    Google Scholar 

  • Schneider M, Rochaix JD (1986) Sequence organization of the chloroplast ribosomal spacer of Chlamydomonas reinhardii: uninterrupted tRNAile and tRNAala genes and extensive secondary structure. Plant Mol Biol 6: 265–270

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shaw JM, Feagin JE, Stuart K, Simpson L (1988) Editing of kinetoplastid mitochondrial mRNAs by uridine addition and deletion generates conserved amino acid sequences and AUG initiation codons. Cell 53: 401–411

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shinozaki K, Ohme M, Tanaka M, Wakasugi T, Hayashida N, Matsubayashi T, Zaita N, Chunwongse J, Obokata J, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Ohto C, Torazawa K, Meng BY, Sugita M, Deno H, Kamogashira T, Yamada K, Kusuda J, Takaiwa F, Kato A, Tohdoh N, Shimada H, Sugiura M (1986) The complete nucleotide sequence of the tobacco chloroplast genome: its gene organization and expression. EMBO J 5: 2043–2049

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stein DB, Palmer JD, Thompson WF (1986) Structural evolution and flip-flop recombination of chloroplast DNA in the fern genus Osmunda. Curr Genet 10: 835–841

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stevenson JK, Drager RG, Copertino DW, Christopher DA, Jenkins KP, Yepiz-Plascencia G, Hallick RB (1991) Intercistronic group III introns in chloroplast polycistronic ribosomal protein operons. Mol Gen Genet 228: 183–192

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stiegler GL, Matthews HM, Bingham SE, Hallick RB (1982) The gene for the large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase in Euglena gracilis chloroplast DNA: Location, apolarity, cloning, and evidence for an intervening sequence. Nucleic Acids Res 10: 3427–3444

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stinchcomb DT, Thomas M, Kelly J, Selker E, Davis RW (1980) Eukaryotic DNA segments capable of autonomous replication in yeast. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77: 4559–4563

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Surin BP, Rosenberg H, Cox GB (1985) Phosphate-specific transport system of Escherichia colt nucleotide sequence and gene-polypeptide relationships. J. Bacteriol 161: 189–198

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka A (1984) Studies on DNA synthesis in chloroplasts of Marchantia polymorpha L. PhD Thesis, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

    Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka A, Yamano Y, Fukuzawa H, Ohyama K, Komano T (1984) In vitro DNA synthesis by chloroplasts isolated from Marchantia polymorpha L. cell suspension cultures. Agricult Biol Chem 48: 1239–1244

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka M, Haniu M, Yasunobu KT, Evans MCW, Rao KK (1974) Amino acid sequence of ferredoxin from a photosynthetic green bacterium, Chlorobium limicola. Biochemistry 13: 2953–2959

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Umesono K, Inokuchi H, Shiki Y, Takeuchi M, Chang Z, Fukuzawa H, Kochi T, Shirai H, Ohyama K, Ozeki H (1988) Structure and organization of Marchantia polymorpha chloroplast genome: II. Gene organization of the large single copy region from rps′ 12 to atpB. J Mol Biol 203: 299–331

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vallet JM, Rahire M, Rochaix JD (1984) Localization and sequence analysis of chloroplast NA sequences of Chlamydomonas reinhardii that promote autonomous replication in yeast. EMBO J 3: 415–421

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wada A, Sako T (1987) Primary structures of and genes for new ribosomal proteins A and B in Escherichia coli. J Biochem 101: 817–820

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Waddell J, Wang XM, Wu M (1984) Electron microscopic localization of the chloroplast DNA replicative origins in Chlamydomonas reinhardii. Nucleic Acids Res 12: 3843–3856

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang XM, Chang CH, Waddell J, Wu M (1984) Cloning and delimiting one chloroplast DNA replicative origin of Chlamydomonas. Nucleic Acids Res 12: 3857–3872

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Whitfeld PR, Bottomley W (1983) Organization and structure of chloroplast genes. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 34: 279–310

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Whittier RF, Sugiura M (1992) Plastid chromosomes from vascular plants—genes. In: Herrmann RG (eds) Cell organelles. Springer, Wien New York, pp 164–182 [Dennis ES et al (eds) Plant gene research. Basic knowledge and application]

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Wittmann HG (1983) Architecture of prokaryotic ribosomes. Annu Rev Biochem 52: 35–65

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Woessner JP, Gillham NW, Boynton JE (1987) Chloroplast genes encoding subunits of the H+-ATPase complex of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are rearranged compared to higher plants: sequence of the atpE gene and location of the atpF and atpI genes. Plant Mol Biol 8: 151–158

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yamano Y, Ohyama K, Komano T (1984) Nucleotide sequences of chloroplast 5S ribosomal RNA from cell suspension cultures of the liverworts Marchantia polymorpha and Jungermannia subulata. Nucleic Acids Res 12: 4621–4624

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yamano Y, Kochi T, Fukuzawa H, Ohyama K, Komano T (1985) Nucleotide sequences of chloroplast 4.5S ribosomal RNA from a leafy liverwort, Jungermannia subulata, and a thalloid liverwort, Marchantia polymorpha. FEBS Lett 185: 203–207

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zaita N, Torazawa K, Shinozaki K, Sugiura M (1987) Trans splicing in vivo: joining of transcripts from the ‘divided’ gene for ribosomal protein S12 in the chloroplasts of tobacco. FEBS Lett 210: 153–156

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zakian VA (1981) Origin of replication from Xenopus laevis mitochondrial DNA promotes high-frequency transformation of yeast. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78: 3128–3132

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou DX, Massenet O, Quigley F, Marion MJ, Moneger F, Huber P, Mache R (1988) Characterization of a large inversion in the spinach chloroplast genome relative to Marchantia: a possible transposon-mediated origin. Curr Genet 13: 433–439

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zurawski G, Zurawski SM (1985) Structure of the Escherichia coli S10 ribosomal protein operon. Nucleic Acids Res 13: 4521–4526

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606, Japan

    Kanji Ohyama

Authors
  1. Kanji Ohyama
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Botanisches Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany

    Reinhold G. Herrmann

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1992 Springer-Verlag/Wien

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Ohyama, K. (1992). Organization and Expression of Genes of Plastid Chromosomes from Non-Angiospermous Land Plants and Green Algae. In: Herrmann, R.G. (eds) Cell Organelles. Plant Gene Research. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-9138-5_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-9138-5_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-7091-9140-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-7091-9138-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation