Skip to main content

Der Blutdruck im höheren Lebensalter

  • Chapter
Internistische Geriatrie
  • 29 Accesses

Zusammenfassung

Erhöhter Blutdruck bedeutet für den betroffenen Patienten ein erhöhtes Risiko, eine atherosklerotische Gefäßerkrankung mit allen damit verbundenen Risiken und Komplikationen zu erwerben (Goldbourt 1975, Kannel 1981). Die frühzeitige Erkennung und Behandlung einer Hypertonie sollte deshalb vitales Interesse des Patienten und vordringliche Aufgabe des Arztes sein und hat zusätzlich hohe sozialmedizinische Bedeutung.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 44.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 59.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Literatur

  • Agner, E.: Predictive value of arterial blood pressure in old age. Acta med. Scand. 214: 285–294 (1983).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Amery, A., Hansson, L., Andren, L., Gudbrandsson, T., Sivertsson, R., Svensson, A.: Hypertension in the elderly. Acta med. Scand. 210: 221–229 (1981).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ames, R. P., Peacock, P. B.: Semm cholesterol during treatment of hypertension with diuretic dmgs. Arch. Int. Med. 144: 710–714 (1984).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anonymous: Dangerous antihypertensive treatment. Brit. Med. J. 2: 228–229 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  • Applegate, W. A., Dismuke, S. E., Runyan, J. W.: Treatment of hypertension in the elderly. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 32: 21–23 (1984).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bayliss, J., Norell, M. S., Canepa-Anson, R., Reid, C., Poole-Wilson, P., Sutton, G.: Clinical importance of the renin-angiotensin system in chronic heart failure: double blind comparison of Captopril and prazosin. Brit. Med. J. 290: 1861–1865 (1985).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bentley, D. W., Wilhams, M. E., Williams, T. F.: Hypertension in the elderly. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 30: 352–359 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Berglund, G., Andersson, O.: Beta-blockers or diuretics in hypertension? A six year follow-up of blood pressure and metabolic side effects. Lancet i: 744–747 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Braunwald, E.: Mechanism of action of calcium-channel-blocking agents. New Engl. J. Med. 307: 1618–1627 (1982).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, J. J., Lever, A. F., Robertson, J. I. S., Schalekamp, M. A.: Pathogenesis of essential hypertension. Lancet i: 1217–1221 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bühler, F. R., Burkhart, F., Lüthold, B. E., Küng, M., Marbert, G., Pfisterer, M.: Antihypertensive beta-blocking action as related to renin and age: a pharmacological tool to identify pathogenetic mechanisms in essential hypertension. Am. J. Cardiol. 36: 653–669 (1975).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bühler, F. R., deLeche, A. S., Schüler, G., Gutzwiller, F., Baumann, F., Schweizer, W.: Das Hypertonieproblem in der Schweiz. Schweiz. Med. Wschr. 106: 99–107 (1976).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bühler, F. R.: Renin und Alter, Determinanten der Betabiocker-Wirkung beim essentiellen Hochdruck. In: Betablocker in der Hypertonie-Behandlung (Hitzenberger, G., Hrsg.), S. 42. München: Urban & Schwarzenberg 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bühler, F. R., Kiowski, W., van Brummelen, P., Amann, F. W., Bertel, O.: Abnahme der beta- adrenozeptorenvermittelten kardiovaskulären Funktionen und Zunahme der Alpha-rezep- torvermittelten Vasokonstriktion: Altersabhängige Verändemngen bei essentieller Hypertonie. Therapiewoche 30: 8298 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  • Charles, S., Ketelslegers, J.-M., Buysschaert, M., Lambert, A. E.: Hyperglycemic effect of nifedipin. Brit. Med. J. 283: 19–20 (1981).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chobanian, A. V.: Therapeutic decision-makmg in systolic hypertension. Geriatrics 36/3: 36–43 (1981).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cogan, E., Abramow, M.: Diuretic-induced hyponatremia in elderly hypertensive women. Lancet ii: 1249 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohn, J. N.: Blood pressure and cardiac performance. Am. J. Med. 55: 351–361 (1973).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cove, D. H., Seddon, M., Fletcher, R. F., Dukes, D. C.: Blindness after treatment for malignant hypertension. Brit. Med. J. 2: 245–246 (1979).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dahl, L. K., Heine, M., Thompson, K.: Genetic influence of the kidneys on blood pressure. Circuì. Res. 34: 94–101 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  • Diamond, J. R., Cheung, J. Y., Fang, L. S. T.: Nifedipine-induced renal dysfunction. Am. J. Med. 77:905–909 (1984).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eliasson, K.: Borderline hypertension. Acta Med. Scand. Suppl. 692 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  • Feldman, R. D., Limbird, L. E., Nadeau, J., Robertson, D., Wood, A. J. J.: Alterations in leucocyte beta-receptor affinity with aging. New Engl. J. Med. 310: 815–819 (1984).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ferrario, C. M., Gildenberg, P. L., McCullin, J. W.: Cardiovascular effects of angiotensin mediated by the central nervous system. Circuì. Res. 30: 257–262 (1972).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fleisch, J. H., Hooker, C. S.: The relationship between age and relaxation of vascular smooth muscle in the rabbit and rat. Circuì. Res. 38: 243–249 (1976).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Freis, E. D.: Salt, volume and the prevention of hypertension. Circuì. 53: 589–595 (1976).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gerstenbuth, G., Frederiksen, J., Yin, F. C. P., Fortuin, N. J., Lakatta, E. G., Weisfeldt, M. L.: Echocardiographic assessment of a normal adult aging population. Circulation 56: 273–278 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldbourt, U., Medalie, J. H., Neufeld, H. N.: Clinical myocardial infarction over a five-year period, in. A multivariate analysis of incidence, the Israel Ischemic Heart Disease Study. J. Chron. Dis. 28: 217–237 (1975).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gradaus, D., Scheler, M., Möninghoff, W., Bender, F.: Röntgenologisch nachweisbare Herz- kranzgefaß-Verkalkungen bei über 65jährigen. Fortschr. Med. 98: 1019–1021 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Greminger, P., Vetter, W., Zimmermann, K., Beckerhoff, R., Siegenthaler, W.: Primäre und sekundäre Hypertonie in einem poliklinischen Krankengut. Schweiz, med. Wschr. 107: 605–609 (1977).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gribbin, B., Pickering, T. G., Sleight, P., Peto, R.: Effect of age and high blood pressure on baroreflex sensitivity in man. Circuì. Res. 29: 424–431 (1971).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haeriin, R., Bruckschen, E. G., Henze, F.: Antihypertensive Therapie mit Ebrantil Retardkapseln. Therapiewoche 31: 7930–7939 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Harburg, E., Erfurt, J. C., Chape, C., Hauenstein, L. S., Schull, W. J., Schork, M. A.: Socioecological stressor areas and black-white blood pressure: Detroit. J. Chron. Dis. 26: 595–611 (1973).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hegstad, R., Brown, R. D., Jiang, N.-S., Kao, P., Weinshilboum, R.M., Strong, C., Wisgerhof, M.: Aging and aldosterone. Am. J. Med. 74: 442–448 (1983).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heidland, A., Heidbreder, E., Hörl, W. H., Schäfer, R. M.: Calciumantagonisten in der Therapie der Hypertonie. Klin. Wschr. 61: 633–640 (1983).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Henry, P. D.: Comparative pharmacology of calcium antagonists: nifedipin, verapamil and diltiazem. Am. J. Cardiol. 46: 1047–1058 (1980).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hunter Hypertension Research Goup. Changes in serum lipid levels during antihypertensive therapy. Med. J. Austral. 140: 522–524 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program Cooperative Group: Five-year findings of the hypertension detection and follow-up program (I, II). J.A.M.A. 242: 2562–2571, 2572–2577 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  • Izzo, J. L.: Hypertension in the elderly. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 30: 352–357 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Jackson, G., Pierscianowski, T. A., Mahon, W., Condon, J.: Inappropriate antihypertensive therapy in the elderly. Lancet ii: 1317–1318 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kannel, W. B., Schwartz, M. J., McNamara, P. M.: Blood pressure and risk of coronary heart disease: the Framingham Study. Dis. Chest. 56: 43–52 (1969).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kannel, W. B., Castelli, W. P., McNamara, P. M.: McKee, P. A., Feinleib, M.: Role of blood pressure in the development of congestive heart failure. New Engl. J. Med. 287: 781–787 (1972).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kannel, W. B.: Some lessons in cardiovascular epidemiology from Framingham. Am. J. Cardiol. 37:269–282(1976).

    Google Scholar 

  • Karmel, W. B., Dawber, T. R., McGee, D. L.: Perspectives on systolic hypertension: the Framingham Study. Circulation 61:1179–1182 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kannel, W. B., Wolf, P. A., McGee, D. L., Dawber, T. R., McNamara, P., Casteui, W. P.: Systolic blood pressure, arterial rigidity, and risk of stroke. J. A. M. A. 245: 1225–1229 (1981).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kirkendall, W. M., Hammond, J. J., Thomas, J. C., Overturf, M. L., Zama, A.: Prazosin and Clonidine for moderately severe hypertension. J. A.M. A. 240: 2553–2556 (1978).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klein, G., Brugger, P.: Grenzwert-Hypertonie. Öst. Ärzteztg. 39: 884–888 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  • Komhuber, H. H., Lisson, G.: Bluthochdruck, Übergewicht und Alter: für Frühbehandlung der Hypertonie. Dtsch. Med.Wschr. 106: 1692–1696 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lakatta, E. G., Yin, F. C. P.: Myocardial aging: functional alterations and related cellular mechanisms. Am. J. Physiol. 242: H927–941 (1982).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lederballen-Pedersen, O., Mikkelsen, E., Christensen, N. J., Kornerup, H. J., Pedersen, E. B.: Effect of nifedipin on plasma renin, aldosterone and catecholamines in arterial hypertension. J. Clin. Pharm. 15: 235–240 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  • Leishman, A. W.: Merits of reducing high blood pressure. Lancet i: 1284–1288 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  • Leren, P., Foss, P. O., Helgeland, A., Hjermann, L, Holme, L, Lund-Larsen, P. G.: Effect of propranolol and prazosin on blood lipids. The Oslo Study. Lancet ii: 4–6 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  • Libow, L. S., Butler, R. N.: Treating mild diastolic hypertension in the elderly: uncertain benefits and possible dangers. Geriatrics 36/11: 55–62 (1981).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lindholm, L., Ejlertson, G., Schersten, B.: High rish cerebro-cardiovascular morbidity in well treated male hypertensives. Acta Med. Scand. 216: 251–259 (1984).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Linzbach, A. J., Akuamoa-Boateng, E.: Die Altersveränderungen des menschlichen Herzens. I. Das Herzgewicht im Alter. Klin. Wschr. 51: 156–163 (1973).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Management Committee of the Australian Hypertension Trial: The Australian therapeutic trial in mild hypertension. Lancet i: 1261–1267 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  • Management Committee of the Australian Therapeutic Trial in Mild Hypertension: Untreated mild hypertension. Lancet i: 185–191 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mannmg, G. W., Smiley, J. R.: QRS-voltage criteria for left ventricular hypertrophy in a normal male population. Circuì. 29: 224–230 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  • McNair, A., Rasmussen, S., Nielsen, P. E., Rasmussen, K.: The antihypertensive effect of prazosin on mild to moderate hypertension, changes in plasma volume, extracellular volume and glomemlar filtration rate. Acta Med. Scand. 207: 413–416 (1980).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Medical Research Council Working Party on Mild to Moderate Hypertension: Adverse reactions to bendrofluazide and propranolol for the treatment of müd hypertension. Lancet ii: 539–543 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Messerli, F. H., Sundgaard-Riise, K., Ventura, H. O, Dunn, F. G., Glade, L. B., Fröhlich, E. D.: Essential hypertension in the elderly: haemodynamics, intravascular volume, plasma renin activity, and circulating catecholamine levels. Lancet ii: 983–986 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • Michel, D.: Arterieller Blutdruck: In: Handbuch der Gerontologie (Platt, D., Hrsg.), Bd. 1, S. 129–150. Stuttgart: G. Fischer 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murphy, M. B., Lewis, P. J., Kohner, E., Schumer, B., Dollery, C. T.: Glucose intolerance in hypertensive patients treated with diuretics; a fourteen-year follow-up. Lancet ii: 1293–1295 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Myers, M. G., Kearns, P. M., Kennedy, D. S., Fischer, R. H.: Postural hypotension and diuretic therapy in the elderly. Canad. Med. Ass. J. 119: 581–585 (1978).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • National Health Survey: Hypertension and hypertensive heart disease in adults, U.S. 1960–62 (Vital Health Statistics Series 11, No. 13). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  • North, J. D. K., Williams, J. C. P., Howie, R. N.: Severe hypertension treated with ganglion- blocking drugs in a general hospital. Brit. Med. J. 1: 1426–1429 (1961).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • O’Malley, K., O’Brien, E.: Management of hypertension in the elderly. New Engl. J. Med. 302: 1397–1401 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ostfeld, A. M.: Elderly hypertensive patient. N. Y. State J. Med. 78: 1125–1129 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  • Poston, L., Sewell, R. B., Wilkinson, S. P., Richardson, P. J., Williams, R., Clarkson, E. M., MacGregor, G. A., de Wardener, H. E.: Evidence for a circulating sodium transport inhibitor in essential hypertension. Brit. Med. J. 282: 847–849 (1981).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ram, C. V. S.: Hypertensive Encephalopathy. Arch. Int. Med. 138: 1851–1853 (1978).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Riozzi, A., Heagerty, A. M., Bing, R. P., Thruston, H., Swales, J. D.: Noradrenalin: a circulating inhibitor of sodium transport. Brit. Med. J. 289: 1025–1027 (1984).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rowe, J. W.: Systolic hypertension in the elderly. New Engl. J. Med. 309: 1246–1247 (1983).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rudolph, C. D., Kaplan, S. L., Ganong, W. P.: Sites at which Clonidine acts to affect blood pressure and the secretion of renin, growth hormone and ACTH. Neuroendocrinology 31: 121–128 (1980).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Russel, R. W. R.: How does blood-pressure cause stroke? Lancet ii: 1283–1285 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheler, P., Valentin, R.: Kritische Bemerkungen zur Hochdrucktherapie. Internist 25: 398–403 (1984).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schettler, G.: Die Ätiologie der Arteriosklerose. Intemist 19: 611–620 (1978).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schocken, D. D., Roth, G. S.: Reduced beta-adrenergic receptor concentrations in ageing man. Nature 267: 856–858 (1977).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schoetensack, W., Bischler, P., Dittmann, Ch., Steinijans, V.: Tierexperimentelle Untersuchungen über den Einfluß des Antihypertensivums Urapidil auf den Kreislauf und die Kreislaufregulation. Arzneimittel Forsch. 27/2: 1908–1919 (1977).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schwid, S. A., Gifford, R. W.: The use and abuse of antihypertensive drugs in the aged. Geriatrics 22/6: 172–182 (1967).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schwietzer, G., Oelkers, W.: The antihypertensive effect of Captopril in severe essential, renovascular, renal and transplant renovascular hypertension. Klin. Wschr. 60: 839–846 (1982).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sever, P. S., Gordon, D., Peart, W. J., Beighton,P.: Blood pressure and its correlates in urban and tribal Africa. Lancet ii: 60–64 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  • Simon, A. C., Safar, M. A., Levenson, J. A., Kheder, A. M., Levy, B. I.: Systolic hypertension: hemodynamic mechanism and choice of antihypertensive treatment. Am. J. Cardiol. 44: 505–511 (1979).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singer, R. B.: To treat or not to treat. J. Chron. Dis. 28: 125–134 (1975).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Skinhoj, E., Strandgaard, S.: Pathogenesis of hypertensive encephalopathy. Lancet i: 461–462 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  • Skrabal, F., Herholz, H., Neumayer, M., Hambergerr, L., Cerny, E.: Neues Konzept für die Entstehung der essentiellen Hypertonie. Dtsch. Med. Wschr. 108: 1122–1126 (1983).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sokolow, M., Lyon, Th. P.: Ventricular complex in left ventricular hypertrophy as obtained by unipolar precordial and limb leads. Am. Heart J. 37: 161–186 (1949).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stamler, J., Stamler, R., Rhomberg, P., Dyer, A., Berkson, D. M., Reedus, W., Wannamaker, J.: Multivariate analysis of the relationship of sbc variables to blood pressure. J. Chron. Dis. 28: 499–525 (1975).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stanek, B., Silberbauer, K.: Über die Altersabhängigkeit des Ansprechens von Blutdruck und Herzfrequenz sowie der Plasma-Renin-Aktivität auf Captopril bei essentieller Hypertonie. Acta Med. Austriaca 11: 101–105 (1984).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strandgaard, S., Giesen, J., Skinhoj, E., Lassen, N. A.: Autoregulation of brain circulation in severe arterial hypertension. Brit. Med. J. 1: 507–510 (1973).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strauer, B. E.: Hypertensive Heart Disease. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  • Studer, A., Lüscher, T., Greminger, P., Epstein, F. H., Grimm, J., Leumann, E. P., Tenschert, W., Siegenthaler, W., Vetter, W.: Blutdruck, Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosteron-System und andere kardiovaskuläre Risikofaktoren bei Kindern essentieller Hypertoniker. Klin. Wschr. 60: 275–284 (1982).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stumpe, K. O., Kolloch, R., Vetter, H., Gramann, W., Krück, F., Ressel, Gh., Higuchi,M.: Acute and long-term studies of the mechanisms of action of beta-blocking drugs in lowering blood pressure. Am. J. Med. 60: 853–865 (1976).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Svärdsudd, K., Tibblin, G.: A longitudinal blood pressure study. Change of blood pressure during 10 years in relation to initial values. The study of men bom in 1913. J. Chron. Dis. 33:627–636 (1980).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tarazi, R. C.: Should you treat systohc hypertension in elderly patients? Geriatrics 33/11: 25–29 (1978).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tarazi, R. C.: The heart in hypertension. New Engl. J. Med. 312: 308–309 (1985).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tjandramaga, T. B.: Altered pharmacokinetics of beta-adrenoceptor blocking dmgs in patients with renal insufficiency. Arch. Intern. Pharmacodyn. 243, Suppl. 38–53 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  • Topol, E. J., Traill, T. A., Fortuin, N. J.: Hypertensive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy of the elderly. New Engl. J. Med. 312: 277–283 (1985).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Verbeelen, D. L., De Boel, S.: Reversible acute on chronic renal failure during Captopril treatment. Brit. Med. J. 289: 20–21 (1984).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Veterans Administration Cooperative Study Group on Antihypertensive Agents: Effects of treatment on morbidity in hypertension. Resuhs in patients with diastolic blood pressure averaging 115 trough 129 mm Hg. J. A.M. A. 202: 1028–1034 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  • Veterans Administration Cooperative Study Group on Antihypertensive Agents: Effects of treatment on morbidity in hypertension. Results in patients with diastolic blood pressures averaging 90 through 114 mm Hg. J. A.M. A. 213: 1143–1152 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  • Vetter, W., Webling, M., Foerster, E. Ch., Kuhlmann, U., Boerlin, H.-J., Greminger, P., Vetter, H.: Long-term effect of Captopril on kidney function in various forms of hypertension. Klin. Wschr. 62: 731–737 (1984).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Voelkel, O.: Alters- und geschlechtsspezifische Verteilung der Blutdmckwerte. Öst. Ärzteztg. 35/3: 137–146 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  • Voors, A. W., Berenson, G. S., Dalferes, E. R., Webber, L. S., Shuler, S. E.: Racial differences in blood pressure control. Science 204: 1091–1094 (1979).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Walter, U.: AT Pase Aktivität und Natriumtransport an Erythrozyten bei essentieller Hypertonie. Khn. Wschr. 60: 607–616 (1982).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weidmann, P., deChatel, R., Schiffmann, A., Bachmann, E., Beretta-Piccoh, C., Reubi, F. C., Ziegler, W. H., Vetter, W.: Interrelations between age and plasma renin, aldosterone and Cortisol, urinary catecholamines, and the body sodium/volume state in normal man. Klin. Wschr. 55: 725–733 (1977).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weinberger, M. H.: Antihypertensive threrapy and Hpids. Arch. Int. Med. 145: 1102–1105 (1985).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilhelmson, C., Vedin, J. A., Wilhelmsen, L., Tibblin, G.: Reduction of sudden death after myocardial infarction by treatment with alprenolol. Lancet ii: 1157–1160 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  • Woodcock, B. G., Rietbrock, N.: Beta-blocker induced changes in the cholesterol: high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and risk of coronary heart disease. Klin, Wschr. 62: 843–849 (1984).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu, M., Ware, J., Feinleib, M.: On the relation between blood-pressure change and initial value. J. Chron. Dis. 33: 627–636 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  • Yin, F. C. P.: The aging vasculature and its effects on the heart. In: The Aging Heart (Weisfeldt, M. L., Hrsg.), S. 137–213. New York: Raven Press 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ziegler, M. G., Lake, C. R., Kopin, I. J.: Plasma noradrenalin increases with age. Nat. 261: 333–335 (1976).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anonymous: Dangerous antihypertensive treatment. Brit. Med. J. 2: 228–229 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bannister, R.: Chronic autonomic failure with postural hypotension. Lancet ii: 404–406 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  • Barbey, K., Barbey, P.: Die Blutverschiebung in die untere Extremität bei der akuten orthostatischen Kreislaufbelastung. Med. Weh 17: 1693–1698 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  • Böhm, C.: Hypotonie und orthostatisches Syndrom. Krankheitswert und Therapie aus der Sicht der Praxis. Intemist 14: 511–520 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  • Brähler, E., Köhl, A., Lademann, H.-R.: Aspekte des Krankheitsverhaltens in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Med. WeU 30: 723–727 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  • Caird, F. I., Andrews, G. R., Kennedy, R. D.: Effect of posture on blood pressure in the elderly. Brit. Heart J. 35: 527–530 (1973).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carter, A. B.: The neurologic aspects of aging. In: Clinical Geriatrics (Rossman, I., Hrsg.), S. 292. Philadelphia: Lippincott 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chobanian, A. V., Volicer, L., Tift, Ch. P., Gavras, H., Liang, C.-S., Faxon, D.:Mineralocorticoid-induced hypertension m patients with orthostatic hypotension. New Engl. J. Med. 301: 68–73 (1979).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davies, B., Bannister, R., Sever, P.: Pressor amines and mono amine-oxidase inhibitors for treatment of postural hypotension in autonomic failure. Neurology 31: 1–7 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  • Delius, L.: Die Behandlung der hypotonen Kreislaufstömng. Dtsch. Med. Wschr. 94: 2172–2173 (1969).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • De Marees, H., Jarmatz, H.: Blutvolumenverlagerung während orthostatischer Belastung unter oral appliziertem Dihydroergotamin. Münch. Med. Wschr. 119: 1301–1304 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  • Falck, L: Die Bedeutung von Stürzen in der Geriatrie. Zschr. Gerontol. 16: 254–259 (1983).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gordon, R. D., Küchel, O., Liddle, G. W., Island, D. P.: Role of the sympathetic nervous system in regulating renin and aldosterone production in man. J. Gin. Invest. 46: 599–605 (1967).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gribbin, B., Pickering, T. G., Sleight, P., Peto, R.: Effect of age and high blood pressure on baroreflex sensitivity in man. Circuì. Res. 29: 424–431 (1971).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hamlin, J. T., Hickler, R. B., Hoskins, R. G.: Free fatty acid mobilization by neuroadrenergic stimulation in man. J. Clin. Invest. 39: 606–609 (1960).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Heinrich, F.: Medikamentöse und physikalische Therapie der Hypotonie. Internist 14: 525–530 (1973).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hengstmann, J.: Metabolie pattern and pharmacokinetic properties of phenolic sympathico- mimetic amines. Arzneimittel-Forsch. 26: 1251 (1976).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hickler, R. B.: Orthostatic hypotension and syncope. New Engl. J. Med. 296: 336–337 (1977).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hines, S., Houston, M., Robertson, D.: The clinical spectrum of autonomic dysfunction. Am. J.Med. 70: 1091–1096 (1981).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Horie, H., Hanafusa, T., Matsuyama, T., Namba, M., Nonaka, K., Tarui, S., Yamatodani, A., Wada, H.: Decreased response of epinephrine and norepinephrine to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Horm. Metab. Res. 16: 398–401 (1984).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hui, K. K. P., Conolly, M. E.: Increased numbers of beta receptors in orthostatic hypotension due to autonomic dysfunction. New Engl. J. Med. 304: 1473–1476 (1981).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jackson, G., Pierscianowski, T. A., Mahon, W., Condon, J.: Inappropriate antihypertensive therapy in the elderly. Lancet ii: 1317–1318 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kochar, M. S., Itskovitz, H. D.: Treatment of idiopathic orthostatic hypotension (Shy-Drager Syndrome) with indomethacin. Lancet i: 1011–1014 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kontos, H. A., Richardson, D. W., Norvell, J. E.: Norepinephrine depletion in idiopathic orthostatic hypotension. Ann. Int. Med. 82: 336–341 (1975).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lang, E.: Die orthostatische Hypotonie bei älteren Menschen. Cardiology 61 (Suppl. 1): 225–235 (1976).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leaf, A.: Dehydration in the elderly. New Engl. J. Med. 311: 791–792 (1984).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lima, J. A. C., Weiss, J. L., Guzman, P. A., Weisfeldt, M. L., Reid, P. R., Traill, T. A.: Incomplete filling and incoordinate contraction as mechanisms of hypotension during ventricular tachycardia in man. Circulation 68: 928–938 (1983).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lindner, E.: Wirkung vasopressorischer Substanzen auf die Gefäßwand. Med. Welt 26: 1017–1024 (1975).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lipsitz, L. A.: Syncope in the elderly. Ann. Int. Med. 99: 92–105 (1983).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lipsitz, L. A., Nyquist, R. P., Wei, J. Y., Rowe, J. W.: Postprandial reduction in blood pressure in the elderly. New Engl. J. Med. 309: 81–83 (1983).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Massie, B., Kramer, B., Haughom, F.: Postural hypotension and tachycardia during hydralazin-isosorbide dinitrate therapy for chronic heart faüure. Circulation 63: 658–664 (1981).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meilander, S., Nordenfeldt, I.: Comparative effects of dihydroergotamine and noradrenaline on resistance, exchange and capacitance functions in the peripheral circulation. Clin. Sci. 39: 183–201 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitchinson, M. J.: The hypotensive stroke. Lancet i: 244–246 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  • Muth, H. H., Jansen, W.: Dihydergot plus zur Langzeittherapie hypotoner orthostatischer Dysregulationen bei älteren Patienten. Fortschr. Med. 98: 1571–1574 (1980).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Myers, M. G., Kearns, P. M., Kennedy, D. S., Fischer, R. H.: Postural hypotension and diuretic therapy in the elderly. Cañad. Med. Ass. J. 119: 581–585 (1978).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nanda, R. N., Johnson, R. H., Keogh, H. J.: Treatment of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor and tyramine. Lancet ii: 1164–1167 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  • Polinsky, R. J., Kopin, L J., Ebert, M. E., Weise, U.: Pharmacologic distinction of different orthostatic hypotension syndromes. Neurology 31: 1–7 (1981).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rieckert, H.: Die Kreislaufregulation bei jungen Sportlern unter orthostatischer Belastung. Med. Weh 23: 362–365 (1972).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rieckert, H.: Hypotonie. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robertson, D., Wade, D., Robertson, R. M.: Postprandial alterations in cardiovascular hemodynamics in autonomic dysfunctional states. Am. J. Cardiol. 48: 1048–1052 (1981).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robertson, D., Goldberg, M. R., Hollister, A. S., Wade, D., Robertson, R. M.: Clonidine raises blood pressure in severe idiopathic orthostatic hypotension. Am. J. Med. 74: 193–200 (1983).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rode, P., Heinrich, F., Voegt, H.: Auswirkungen der Beta-Rezeptorenblockade auf Systolen- dauer und Temporahskurve unter Orthostasebedingungen. Med. Weh 22: 1733–1737 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sheps, S. G.: Use of an elastic garment in the treatment of orthostatic hypotension. Cardiology 61 (Suppl. 1): 271–279 (1976).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shoukas, A. A., Sagawa, K.: Control of total systemic vascular capacity by the carotid sinus baroreceptor reflex. Circuì. Res. 33: 22–33 (1973).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steen, B., Lundgren, B. K., Isaksson, B.: Body water in the elderly. Lancet i: 101 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  • Stürmer, E.: Pharmacologic basis of the treatment of orthostatic disorders with ergot alkaloids. Cardiology 61 (Suppl. 1): 290–301 (1976).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thulesius, O., Ferner, U.: Diagnose der orthostatischen Hypotonie. Zschr. f. Kreislauffschg. 61:742–754 (1972).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thulesius, O.: Pathophysiological classification and diagnosis of orthostatic hypotension. Cardiology 61 (Suppl. 1): 180–190 (1976).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tiso, B.: Orthostasesyndrom. Wien. Klin.Wschr. 89: 69–76 (1977).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Volk, W.: Hypotone Kreislaufregulationsstörung unter Psychopharmakamedikation. Med. Weh 28: 1853–1854 (1977).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Westermann, K. W.: Pathophysiologische Grundlagen der Hypotonie. Internist 14: 483–490 (1973).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • White, N. J.: Heart-rate changes on standing m elderly patients with orthostatic hypotension. Clin. Sci. 58: 411–413 (1980).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Widmer, L. K.: Venenkrankheiten, Häufigkeit und sozialmedizinische Bedeutung. Beobachtung bei 4529 anscheinend gesunden Berufstätigen. (Basler Studie III.) Bem: Huber 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yin, F. C. P., Raizes, G. S., Guamieri, T., Spurgeon, H. A., Lakatta, E. G., Fortuin, N. J., Weisfeldt, M. L. : Age-associated decrease in ventricular response to a hemodynamic stress during beta-adrenergic blockade. Brit. Heart J. 40: 1349–1355 (1978).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ziegler, M. G., Lake, C. R., Kopin, I. J.: The sympathetic-nervous-system defect in primary orthostatic hypotension. New Engl. J. Med. 296: 293–297 (1977).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1986 Springer-Verlag/Wien

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Tragl, K.H. (1986). Der Blutdruck im höheren Lebensalter. In: Internistische Geriatrie. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-8839-2_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-8839-2_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-211-81904-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-7091-8839-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics