Skip to main content

Prediction of Outcome After Head Injury—A Critical Review

  • Chapter
Extracerebral Collections

Part of the book series: Advances in Neurotraumatology ((NEUROTRAUMATOL.,volume 1))

Abstract

For many hundreds of years, while doctors had little to offer in the way of therapy, their chief value to society lay in their ability to predict the outcome of diseases or injuries. Such predictions were based largely on personal experience, then supplemented by the written experience of others. During the past ten years a large number of reports have appeared in which the outcomes of head injuries of different but specified degrees of severity have been the principal topic. Outcome has been correlated with the status of patients on admission and considerable strides have been made in the methods of predicting outcome of head injury of a given degree of severity. Indeed, the lessons learned in these predictive exercises are now being applied with profit to the study of outcome following subarachnoid hemorrhage, ischemic stroke, intracranial infections and posthypoxic brain damage.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Becker, D. P., Miller, J. D., Greenberg, R. P., 1982: Prognosis after head injury. In: Neurological Surgery, Vol. 4, 2nd Edition, pp. 2137–2174. Philadelphia: Saunders.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Becker, D. P, Miller, J. D., Ward, J. D., Greenberg, R. P, Young, H. E, Sakalas, R., 1977: The outcome from severe head injury with early diagnosis and intensive management. J. Neurosurg. 47, 491–502.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Bond, M. R., Brooks, D. N., 1976: Understanding the process of recovery as a basis for the investigation of rehabilitation for the brain injured. Scand. J. Rehab. Med. 8, 127–133.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Braakman, R., Gelpke, G. J., Habbema, J. D. F., Maas, A. I. R., Minderhoud, J., 1980: Systematic selection of prognostic features in patients with severe head injury. Neurosurgery 6, 362–370.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Braakman, R., Schouten, H. J. A., Blaauw-van Dishoeck, M., Minderhoud, J. M., 1983: Megadose steroids in severe head injury: results of a prospective double-blind clinical trial. J. Neurosurg. 58, 326–330.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Bricolo, A., Turazzi, S., Feinotto, G., 1980: Prolonged post-traumatic unconsciousness. Therapeutic assets and liabilities. J. Neurosurg. 52, 625–634.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Clifton, G. L., Grossman, R. G., Makela, M. E., Miner, M. E., Handel, S., Sadhu, V., 1980: Neurological course and correlated computerized tomography findings after severe closed head injury. J. Neurosurg. 52, 611–624.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Conference of Medical Colleges and their Faculties (U.K.), Diagnosis of Brain Death. Lancet 2, 1069–1070, 1976. Brit. Med. J. 7, 322, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Cooper, P. R., Moody, S., Clark, W. K., Kirkpatrick, J., Maravilla, K., Gould, A. L., Drane, W., 1979: Dexamethasone and severe head injury. A prospective double-blind study. J. Neurosurg. 57, 307–316.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Greenberg, R. P., Becker, D. P., Miller, J. D., Mayer, D. J., 1977: Evaluation of brain function in severe human head trauma with multi-modality evoked potentials: Part IL Localization of brain dysfunction and correlation with post-traumatic neurological conditions. J. Neurosurg. 47, 163–177.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Jennett, B., Bond, M. R., 1975: Assessment of outcome after severe brain damage. Lancet 1, 480–484.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Jennett, B., Plum, F., 1972: Persistent vegetative state after brain damage. Lancet 1, 734–737.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Jennett, B., Teasdale, G., 1977: Aspects of coma after severe head injury. Lancet 1, 878–881.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Jennett, B., Teasdale, G., Braakman, R., et al, 1976: Predicting outcome in individual patients after severe head injury. Lancet i, 1031–1034.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Jennett, B., Teasdale, G., Braakman, R., Minderhoud, J., Heiden, J., Kurze, T., 1979: Prognosis of patients with severe head injury. Neurosurgery 4, 283–289.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Jennett, B., Teasdale, G., Fry, J., Braakman, R., Minderhoud, J., Heiden, J., Kurze, T., 1980: Treatment for severe head injury. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiat. 43, 289–295.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Mendelow, A. D., Karmi, M. Z., Paul, K. S., Fuller, G. A. G., Gillingham, F. J., 1979: Extradural haematoma: effect of delayed treatment. Brit. Med. J. 7, 1240–1242.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Miller, J. D., 1983: Neurosurgery—triumphs and tragedies. J. Roy. Coll. Surg. Ed. 28, 1–7.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Miller, J. D., Becker, D. R, Sullivan, H. G., Adams, W. E., Rosner, M. J., 1977: Significance of intracranial hypertension in severe head injury. J. Neurosurg. 47, 503–516.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Miller, J. D., Butterworth, J. F., Gudeman, S. K., Faulkner, J. E., Choi, S. C., Selhorst, J. B., Harbison, J. W., Lutz, H., Young, H. F., Becker, D. P., 1981: Further experience in the management of severe head injury. J. Neurosurg. 54, 289–299.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Miller, J. D., Jennett, W. B., 1968: Complications of depressed skull fracture. Lancet 2, 991–995.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Miller J. D., Jones P. A., 1985: The work of a regional head injury service. Lancet 1, 1141–1144.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Miller, J. D., Sweet, R. C., Narayan, R., Becker, D. P., 1978: Early insults to the injured brain. J. Amer. Med. Ass. 240, 439–442.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Narayan, R. K., Greenberg, R. P., Miller, J. D., Enas, G. G., Choi, S. C., Kishore, P. R. S., Siorst, J. B., Lutz, H. L., Becker, D. P., 1981: Improved confidence of outcome prediction in severe head injury. J. Neurosurg. 54, 751–762.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. North, J. B., Jennett, S., 1974: Abnormal breathing patterns associated with acute brain damage. Arch. Neurol. 31, 338–344.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Obrist, W. D., Gennarelh, T. A., Segawa, H., Dolinskas, C. A., Langfitt, T. W., 1979: Relation of cerebral blood flow to neurological status and outcome in head-injured patients. J. Neurosurg. 51 (3), 292–300.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Overgaard, J., Tweed, W. A., 1974: Cerebral circulation after head injury: cerebral blood flow and its regulation after closed head injury with emphasis on clinical correlations. J. Neurosurg. 41, 531–541.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Price, D. J. E., Murray, A., 1972: The influence of hypoxia and hypotension on recovery from head injury. Injury 3 (4), 218–224.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Rimel, R. W., Giordani, B., Barth, J. T, Jane, J. A., 1982: Moderate Head Injury: Completing the clinical spectrum of brain trauma. Neurosurgery II(3), 344–351.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Rimel, R. W., Giordani, B., Barth, J. T, Boll, T. J., Jane, J. A., 1981: Disability caused by minor head injury. Neurosurgery 9 (3), 221–228.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Seelig, J. M., Becker, D. P., Miller, J. D., Greenberg, R. P., Ward, J. D., Choi, S. C., 1981: Traumatic acute subdural hematoma. Major mortality reduction in comatose patients treated within four hours. New Engl. J. Med. 304, 1511–1518.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Stablein, D. M., Miher, J. D., Choi, S. C., Becker, D. P., 1980: Statistical methods for determining prognosis in severe head injury. Neurosurgery 6, 243–248.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Stuart, G. G., Merry, G. S., Smith, J. D., Yelland, J. N., 1983: Severe head injury managed without intracranial pressure monitoring. J. Neurosurg. 59, 601–605.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Sweet, R. C., Miller, J. D., Lipper, M., et al, 1978: The significance of bilateral abnormalities on the CT scan in patients with severe head injury. Neurosurgery 3, 16–24.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Teasdale, G., Jennett, B., 1974: Assessment of coma and impaired consciousness. A practical scale. Lancet 2, 81–84.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Teasdale, G., Knill-Jones, R., van der Sande, J., 1978: Observer variabihty in assessing impaired consciousness and coma. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiat. 41, 603–610.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Teasdale, G., Parker, L., Murray, G., et al, 1979 b: On comparing series of head injured patients. Acta Neurochir. (Wien) (Suppl.) 28, 205–208.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Van Dongen, K. J., Braakman, R., 1980: Late computed tomography in survivors of severe head injury. Neurosurgery 7, 14–22.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1986 Springer-Verlag/Wien

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Miller, J.D. (1986). Prediction of Outcome After Head Injury—A Critical Review. In: McLaurin, R.L. (eds) Extracerebral Collections. Advances in Neurotraumatology, vol 1. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-8805-7_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-8805-7_7

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-211-81876-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-7091-8805-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics