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Genetics of Influenza Viruses pp 70–98Cite as

Transcription and Replication of Influenza Viruses

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Abstract

The segmented RNA genome of influenza virus is of negative polarity, i.e., the viral messenger RNA (NA) is complementary to the genome or virion RNA (NA) and the virion contains the enzyme system which transcribes the NA into the viral NA [75]. The synthesis of influenza viral NA involves a unique interaction with the host cell transcriptional machinery in the nucleus of the infected cell. This interaction is required first for the initiation of the synthesis of the viral NA chains. A viral endonuclease cleaves 5’-terminal fragments from newly synthesized capped (m7GpppNm-containing) cellular RNAs in the nucleus. These are most likely heterogeneous nuclear RNAs (hNAs), the precursors of cellular NAs [33, 42, 77]. These fragments of capped host nuclear RNAs serve as primers to initiate viral NA synthesis. The interaction with host cell nuclear functions apparently continues after the viral NAs are synthesized. The viral NAs, like other NAs (both viral and cellular) synthesized in the nucleus [81], contain internal N6 methyl adenosine (m6A) residues [43, 46], and several of the viral NAs appear to be generated by splicing like that occurring during the processing of hNAs to form cellular NAs [50]. Most likely, internal methylation and splicing of influenza viral NAs are carried out by cellular RNA processing enzymes in the nucleus.

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  1. R. M. Krug
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  1. Mount Sinai School of Medicine, The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, N.Y., USA

    Peter Palese

  2. St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tenn., USA

    David W. Kingsbury

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Krug, R.M. (1983). Transcription and Replication of Influenza Viruses. In: Palese, P., Kingsbury, D.W. (eds) Genetics of Influenza Viruses. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-8706-7_3

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