Abstract
Since about 1974 gauge-theories become something like a “party-line” in theoretical elementary particle physics. This means that a wide-spread belief links most of our basic ideas with the concept of a local gauge-invariance of nature, although no definite proof exists so far that gauge fields are really there — except in quantum electrodynamics (and gravity?) Admittedly the amount of supporting facts is quite impressive. It ranges from a possible unification of weak and electromagnetic interactions in such a scheme [1] to a number of qualitative, but rather convincing arguments in the field of strong interaction physics, if the latter is based on a field theory of gluon gauge fields. We cite “asymptotic freedom”, which could explain the almost perfect scaling of deep electroproduction [2], the enhancement of ΔI = 1/2 - amplitudes in weak nonleptonic decays [3] and, as an example for a more theoretical result, the persistent ultraviolet divergence of radiative corrections to all orders in the coupling of a gluon-field to matter [4].
Lecture given at XV. Internationale Universitätswochen für Kernphysik, Schladming, Austria,February 16–27,1976.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
S. Weinberg, Phys. Rev. Lett. 19, 1264 (1967);
A. Salam, Elementary Particle Physics, N.Svartholm ed. ( Stockholm 1968 ), p. 367.
D.J. Gross and F. Wilczek, Phys. Rev. Letters 30, 1343 (1973), Phys. Rev. D8, 3633 (1973), D9, 980 (1974);
N. D. Politzer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 30, 1346 (1973),
M.K. Gaillard and B.W. Lee, Phys. Rev. Lett. 33, 108 (1974);
G. Altarelli and L. Maiani, Phys. Lett. 52:, 351 (1974).
W. Kainz, W. Kummer and M. Schweda, Nucl. Phys. B79, 484 (1974).
B.S. de Witt, Phys. Rev. 162, 1195 (1967); L.D. Fadeev and V.N. Popov, Phys. Lett. 25B, 29 (1967).
W. Kummer, Acta Phys. Austr. 1A, 149 (1961).
R.L. Arnowitt and S.I. Fickler, Phys. Rev. 127, 1821 (1962); J. Schwinger, Phys. Rev. 130, 402 (1963); Y.P. Yao, Journ. of Math. Phys. 5, 1319 (1964); E.S. Fradkin and I.V. Tyutin, Phys. Rev. D2, 2841 (1970).
W. Kummer, Acta Phys. Austr. 41, 315 (1975).
W. Konetschny and W. Kummer, Nucl. Phys. B100, 106 (1975).
W. Konetschny and W. Kummer, “Unitarity in the Ghost-free axial gauge”, prep. TU Vienna, Jan. 1976.
The extension to more gauge-fields with different couplings is straightforward.
C.N. Yang and R.L. Mills, Phys. Rev. 96, 191 (1954)
B.S. de Witt, Phys. Rev. 162, 1195 (1967).
Our metric is g00 = -g11 = -g22 = -g33 = -1.
P. Higgs, Physics 12, 132 (1966); T.W.B. Kibble, Phys. Rev. 155, 1554 (1967).
In the latter case in each order of perturbation theory the soft-photon technique can be used along the lines of ref.[17]. Now it seems that this can be extended to nonabelian gauge-theories as well [18] by simply averaging over the internal symmetry of the nonabelian vector fields.
F.Bloch and A. Nordsieck, Phys. Rev. 52, 54 (1937).
Y.P. Yao “On the infrared problem in nonabelian gauge theories”, Michigan prep. UMHE 75-38; Th. Appelquist, J. Carazzone, H. Kluberg - Stern and M. Roth “Infrared finiteness in Yang-Mills theories” FNAL Pub 76/16-THY.
R.P. Feynman, Rev. Mod. Phys. 20, 367 (1948).
Cf.e.g. F.A. Berezin, The method of second quantization, Academic Press, New York, London 1966.
A field-independent factor is irrelevant. It cancels in (4.4).
For simplicity we write it without symmetry break-ing, because this is irrelevant for the following argument. The propagators for the spontaneously broken case are very similar, cf. (9.6) below.
S. Weinberg, Phys. Rev, 118, 838 (1960).
G. t’Hooft and M. Veltman, Nucl. Phys. B44, 189 (1972).
N.N. Bogoliubov and O.S. Parasiuk, Acta Math. 97, 227 (1957); K. Hepp, Commun. Math. Phys. 1, 95 (1965).
A. Slavnov, Theor. and Math. Phys. 10, 99 (1972); J.C. Taylor, Nucl. Phys. B33, 436 (1971).
G. Jona - Lasinio, Nuovo Cim. 3_4, 1790 (1964).
B.W. Lee, Phys. Lett. 46B, 214 (1973).
C. Becchi, A. Rouet and R. Stora, Phys. Lett. 52B, 344 (1974).
J. Zinn-Justin, Lectures at the International Summer Institute for Theoretical Physics, Bonn 1974.
Y. Nambu, Phys. Lett. 26B, 626 (1966).
For an excellent review of the whole subject of the renormalization of gauge - fields cf. ref. [33].
G. Costa and M. Tonin, Rivista del Nuovo Cim. 5, 29 (1975).
ei refers to the ordinary fields, ea to the C-field in the ghost-free axial gauge.
S. Weinberg, Phys. Rev. Lett. 2J7, 1688 (1970).
In the so called “back-ground-field” method [37] one does not introduce external sources as in (4.2) and (4.3). Instead, the field is replaced by a quantum field ϕi (Q) plus a classical field ϕi (c). Despite a gauge-breaking term for ϕi (Q) the Green’s function (in terms of external ϕi (c) -legs) may retain a gauge-invariance. A short and clear introduction into the complicated literature can be found in [38].
B.S. DeWitt, Phys. Rev. 160, 1113 (1967), 162, 1195 (1967), 162, 1239 (1967); J. Honerkamp, Nucl. Phys. B48, 269 (1972); R. Kallosh, Nucl. Phys. B7J3, 293 (1974).
M.T. Grisaru, P. van Nieuwenhuizen and C.C. Wu, “Background field method vs. normal field theory in examples…”, Brandeis prep. 1975.
The propagator (4.24) in Feynman-graphs with no external C-legs leads to expressions homogeneous in nµ!
L.D. Landau, Nucl. Phys. 13, 181 (1959), R.J. Eden, P.V. Landshoff, D.I. Olive and J.C.Polkinghorne, The Analytic S-matrix, Cambridge Univ. press 1966.
A more elaborate argument can be found in ref. [lol. It is based on Veltman’s version of the cutting rule [42].
R.E. Cutkosky, Rev. Mod. Phys. 3J3* 448 (1961); M.Veltman, Physica 29, 186 (1963).
G. tl Hooft, Nucl. Phys. B38, 173 (1971) and B35, 161 (1971); B.W. Lee and J. Zinn - Justin, Phys. Rev. D5, 3137 (1972).
Cf. the second and third ref. [2] and J.M. Cornwall, Phys. Rev. DlO, 500 (1974).
Cf. eq. (4.27).
Cf. Cornwall, ref. (44), end of the “Appendix”, and ref. (4).
J. Frenkel, A class of ghost-free nonabelian gauge theories, prep. Sao Paulo Univ., IFUSP/P-71, Dec. 1975.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1976 Springer-Verlag
About this paper
Cite this paper
Kummer, W. (1976). Renormalization of Nonabelian Gauge Fields. In: Urban, P. (eds) Current Problems in Elementary Particle and Mathematical Physics. Few-Body Systems, vol 15/1976. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-8462-2_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-8462-2_12
Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna
Print ISBN: 978-3-7091-8464-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-7091-8462-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive