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Fortschritte der Chemie Organischer Naturstoffe / Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products / Progrès dans la Chimie des Substances Organiques Naturelles pp 139–168Cite as

Protein Synthesis in Plants

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Part of the Fortschritte der Chemie Organischer Naturstoffe / Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products / Progrès dans la Chimie des Substances Organiques Naturelles book series (FORTCHEMIE (closed),volume 16)

Abstract

These are exciting times in the study of protein synthesis. We are beginning to gain some insight into the mechanism by which amino acids are assembled into the peptide chains of proteins and to achieve some understanding of the way in which information is transferred from nucleus to cytoplasm, there to be used in the construction of the many individual proteins of the cell. The flood of new information and insight concerning protein synthesis has in part come from elegant enzymology and biochemistry applied to the study of the process. In part, and in a large part, however, it has come from a better understanding of the structure of the cell and from improved methods for the separation of cytoplasm into its subcellular constituents. These studies have focused attention upon the microsomes as the engines of protein synthesis. This review will therefore first consider the microsomes—their general role in protein synthesis, their origin and their structure. We shall then go on to the biochemistry and enzymology of protein synthesis insofar as we understand it today. Work on animal tissues and on microbial cells, as well as on plant tissues has contributed to our knowledge of protein synthesis, and although this review is particularly directed toward an understandig of plants, it will be helpful to draw on work with other materials.

Keywords

  • Protein Synthesis
  • Ribonucleic Acid
  • Microsomal Protein
  • Soluble Ribose Nucleic Acid
  • Label Amino Acid

These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Acknowledgments. The author is indebted to Dr. Paul O. P. Ts’o for the electron micrograph of Fig. 1. He is indebted also to Professor G. C. Webster for permission to use previously unpublished data which appear in Figures 3 B and 3 D. For fruitful and stimulating discussions of the subject matter of this review the author is particularly indebted to Dr. Paul O. P. Ts’o, Dr. Richard S. Schweet and Professor Howard Dintzis. The writer also wishes to acknowledge the continuing council of Dr. Jerome Vinograd. Work on protein synthesis at the California Institute of Technology has been supported in part by the Herman Frasch Foundation and in part by the U.S. Public Health Service.

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Abbreviations

AMP:

adenosine diphosphate

AMP:

adenosine monophosphate

ATP:

adenosine triphosphate

DNA:

deoxyribonucleic acid

RNA:

ribonucleic acid

TCA:

trichloroacetic acid.

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    James Bonner

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Bonner, J. (1958). Protein Synthesis in Plants. In: Fortschritte der Chemie Organischer Naturstoffe / Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products / Progrès dans la Chimie des Substances Organiques Naturelles. Fortschritte der Chemie Organischer Naturstoffe / Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products / Progrès dans la Chimie des Substances Organiques Naturelles, vol 16. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-8047-1_4

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