Skip to main content

Integrating Graphics Into Video Image-Based Camera Tracking and Filtering

  • Conference paper
Virtual Environments and Scientific Visualization ’96

Part of the book series: Eurographics ((EUROGRAPH))

  • 80 Accesses

Abstract

In virtual studios, most of the setting is not constructed in reality but generated synthetically by a graphics computer and mixed into the camera image. A convincing mixing requires very precise coordination of the real camera with the graphics pipeline, especially in the case of camera moves. This process is called camera tracking.

The paper describes an image-based algorithm for camera tracking. The algorithm uses real world reference points which are identified interactively in the first image and tracked in the image sequence in real-time. Based on these measurements, the camera data is calculated. The most demanding task is the smoothing of measurements and camera data to achieve stable and coherent camera moves. Kalman filtering methods are used to eliminate jitters from the calculated camera data.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Ali Azarbayejani et al.: Recursive estimation of structure and motion using relative orientation constraints. IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, June 1993, 294–299.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Yaakov Bar-Shalom, Thomas E. Fortmann: Tracking and Data Association. Academic Press, San Diego, 1988

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  3. Rod G. Bogart: View correlation. In: Graphics Gems II, Academic Press (1991) 181–190.

    Google Scholar 

  4. T. J. Broida, R. Chellappa: Estimation of object motion parameters from noisy images. IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 8(1):90–99, January 1986.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. C.K. Chui, G. Chen: Kalman Filtering with Real Time Applications. Springer Series in Information Sciences 17. Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Olivier Faugeras: Three-Dimensional Computer Vision. MIT Press Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Klaus Kansy, Thomas Berlage, Günther Schmitgen, Peter Wiükirchen: Real time integration of synthetic computer graphics into live video scenes. Proc. Interface of Real and Virtual Worlds. Montpellier, France, June 26–30, 1995, pp. 93–101

    Google Scholar 

  8. Klaus Kansy, Günther Schmitgen, Peter Wiükirchen: Bildbasierte Kameraführung im Virtuellen Studio — Pixelgenaues Mischen von Realität und Virtualität. Fernseh-und Kinotechnik 50, Heft 1-2, pp. 27–32 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Frank L. Lewis: Applied Optimal Control and Estimation, Prentice Hall, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Tomasz Mazuryk, Michael Gervautz: Two-Step Prediction and Image Deflection for Exact Head Tracking in Virtual Environments. Computer Graphics Forum 14(1995) C–29–C–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. J. S. Meditch: Stochastic Optimal Linear Estimation and Control. McGraw Hill, New York, 1969.

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  12. ORAD Hi-tec Systems Ltd: ORAD’s Virtual Set. Data sheet by ORAD Hi-tec Systems Ltd., 40 Ravutski Street, Ra’anana, POBox 695, Israel 43106. URL: http://orad.co.il/

    Google Scholar 

  13. D. Routsis, P. Le Floch, A.V. Sahiner: Real-Time Camera Tracking Server on the ELSET Accelerator. In Proc. European Workshop “Combined Real and Synthetic Image Processing for Broadcast and Video Production”, 23.–24.11.1994, VAP Media Centre, Hamburg, Germany (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  14. F. Sommerhäuser: Das virtuelle Studio — Grundlagen einer neuen Studio-produktionstechnik. Fernseh-und Kinotechnik 50, Heft 1-2, pp. 11–22 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1996 Springer-Verlag/Wien

About this paper

Cite this paper

Wißkirchen, P., Kansy, K., Schmitgen, G. (1996). Integrating Graphics Into Video Image-Based Camera Tracking and Filtering. In: Göbel, M., David, J., Slavik, P., van Wijk, J.J. (eds) Virtual Environments and Scientific Visualization ’96. Eurographics. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-7488-3_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-7488-3_8

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-211-82886-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-7091-7488-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics