Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Fortschritte der Chemie Organischer Naturstoffe / Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products / Progrès dans la Chimie des Substances Organiques Naturelles pp 1–45Cite as

Polysaccharides of Marine Algae

  • Chapter

Abstract

The seaweeds, that is, the macroscopic marine algae, consist of a group of photosynthetic plants, in which it is believed that evolution has not proceeded as far as in land plants. In general, the morphology of algae is much simpler than that of land plants. There is a more limited diversification of cells according to function and, indeed, many unicellular algae are known which are related botanically to the seaweeds. Insofar as the metabolism of the algae has been studied, it appears to resemble in many respects that of land plants, although the metabolic end-products may differ (44).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Anderson, D. M. W. and N. J. King: Polysaccharides of the Characeae. Part I. Preliminary Examination of a Starch-type Polysaccharide from Nitella translucens J. Chem. Soc. (London) 1961, 2914.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Anderson, D. M. W. and N. J. King: Polysaccharides of the Characeae. Part IV. A Non-esterified Pectic Acid from Nitella translucens J. Chem. Soc. (London) 1961, 5333.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Anderson, F. B., E. L. Hirst, D. J. Manners and A. G. Ross: The Constitution of Laminarin. Part III. The Fine Structure of Insoluble Laminarin. J. Chem. Soc. (London) 1958, 3233.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Annan, W. D., E. L. Hirst and D. J. Manners: The Position of Mannitol in Laminarin. Chem. and Ind. 1962, 984.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Araki, C.: Agar-agar. III. Acetylation of the Agar-like Substance of Gelidium amansii L. J. Chem. Soc. Japan 58, 1338 (1937).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Araki, C.: Chemical Studies of Agar-agar. X. Isolation of 2-Methy 1–3,6-anhydro-L -galactose Dimethyl Acetal. J. Chem. Soc. Japan 61, 775 (1940).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Araki, C.: Chemical Studies on Agar-agar. XIII. 1. Separation of Agarobiose from the Agar-agar-like Substance of Gelidium amansii by Partial Hydrolysis; J. Chem. Soc. Japan 65, 533 (1944).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Araki, C.: Chemical Studies on Agar-agar. XIII. 2. Chemical Constitution of Agarobiose. J. Chem. Soc. Japan 65, 627 (1944).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Araki, C.: Seaweed Polysaccharides. Proc. Intern. Congr. Biochem. 4th Congr. Symposium No. 1, 1 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  10. Araki, C. and K. Arai: The Chemical Constitution of Agar-agar. XVIII. Isolation of a New Crystalline Disaccharide by Enzymic Hydrolysis of Agar-agar, Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan 29, 339 (1956).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Araki, C. and K. Arai:Studies on the Chemical Constitution of Agar-agar. XX. Isolation of a Tetrasaccharide by Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Agar-agar. Bull. Chem, Soc. Japan 30, 287 (1957).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Archibald, A. R., D. J. Manners and J. F. Riley: Structure of a Reserve Polysaccharide (Leucosin) from Ochromonas malhamensis Chem. and Ind. 1958, 1516.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Astbury, W. T.: Structure of Alginic Acid. Nature 155, 667 (1945).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Barry, V. C.: Preparation, Properties and Mode of Occurrence of Laminarin. Sei. Proc. Roy. Dublin Soc. 21, 615 (1938).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Barry, V. C.: Hydrolysis of Laminarin. Isolation of a New Glucose Disaccharide. Sei. Proc. Roy. Dublin Soc. 22, 423 (1941).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Barry, V. C. and T. Dillon: The Xylan of Rhodymenia palmata Nature 146, 620 (1940).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Barry, V. C. and T. Dillon: A Galactan Sulphuric Ester from Dilsea edulis. Proc. Roy. Irish Acad. 50 B, 349 (1945).

    Google Scholar 

  18. Barry, V. C., T. G. Halsall, E. L. Hirst and J. K. N. Jones: The Polysaccharides of the Florideae. Floridean Starch. J. Chem. Soc. (London) 1949, 1468.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Barry, V. C. and J. McCormick: Properties of Periodate-oxidised Polysaccharides. VI. The Mucilage from Dilsea edulis J. Chem. Soc. (London) 1957, 2777.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Barry, V. C. and P. W. D. Mitchell: Properties of Periodate-oxidised Polysaccharides. Part IV. The Products Obtained on Reaction with Phenyl-hydrazine. J. Chem. Soc. (London) 1954, 4020.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Beattie, A., E. L. Hirst and E. Percival: Studies on the Metabolism of the Chrysophyceae. Biochem. J. 79, 531 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  22. Black, W. A. P.: The Seasonal Variation in Chemical Constitution of the Sub-littoral Seaweeds Common to Scotland. J. Soc. Chem. Ind. 67, 165 (1948).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Black, W. A. P.: The Seasonal Variation in the Combined L-Fucose Content of the Common British Laminariaceae and Fucaceae. J. Sei. Food Agric. 5, 445 (1954).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Black, W. A. P., E. T. Dewar and F. N. Woodward: Manufacture of Algal Chemicals. IV. Laboratory-scale Isolation of Fucoidin from Brown Marine Algae. J. Sei. Food Agric. 3, 122 (1952).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Bourne, E. J., M. Stacey and I. A. Wilkinson: Composition of the Polysaccharide Synthesized by Polytomella caeca J. Chem. Soc. (London) 1950, 2694.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Brading, J. W. E., M. M. T. Georg-Plant and D. M. Hardy: The Polysaccharide from the Alga, Uiva lactuca Purification, Hydrolysis, and Methylation of the Polysaccharide. J. Chem. Soc. (London) 1954, 319.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Buchanan, J., E. E. Percival and E. G. V. Percival: The Polysaccharides of Carragheen Moss (Chondrus crispus) Part I. The Linkage of the D-Galactose Residues and the Ethereal Sulphate. J. Chem. Soc. (London) 1943, 51.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Chanda, S. K., E. L. Hirst, E. G. V. Percival and A. G. Ross: The Structure of Alginic Acid. II. J. Chem. Soc. (London) 1952, 1833.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Clancy, M. J., K. Walsh, T. Dillon and P. S. O’Colla: The Gelatinous Polysaccharide of Furcellaria fastigiata Sci. Proc. Roy. Dublin Soc. A 1, No. 5, 197 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  30. Clingman, A. L. and J. R. Nunn: Red-seaweed Polysaccharides. III. Polysaccharide from Hypnea spicifera J. Chem. Soc. (London) 1959, 493.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Conchie, J. and E. G. V. Percival: Fucoidin. Part II. The Hydrolysis of a Methylated Fucoidin Prepared from Fucus vesiculosus J. Chem. Soc. (London) 1950, 827.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Connell, J. J., E. L. Hirst and E. G. V. Percival: The Constitution of Laminarin. Part I. An Investigation on Laminarin isolated from Laminarïa cloustoni J. Chem. Soc. (London) 1950, 3494.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Cook, W. H. and D. B. Smith: Molecular Weight and Hydrodynamic Properties of Sodium Alginate. Canad. J. Biochem. and Physiol. 32, 227 (1954).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Corbett, W. M., J. Kenner and G. N. Richards: Carbonyl Oxycellulose. Chem. and Ind. 1953, 462.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Côté, R. H.: Disaccharides from Fucoidin. J. Chem. Soc. (London) 1959, 2248.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Cronshaw, J., A. Myers and R. D. Preston: A Chemical and Physical Investigation of the Cell-walls of some Marine Algae. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 27, 89 (1958).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Dillon, T. and J. McKenna: The Mucilage of Dilsea edulis. Proc. Roy. Irish Acad. 53 B, 45 (1950).

    Google Scholar 

  38. Dillon, T. and J. McKenna: The Mucilage of Dumontia incrassata. Nature 165, 318 (1950).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Dillon, T. and P. O’Colla: Acetolysis of Carrageen Mucilage. Nature 145, 749 (1940).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Eddy, B. P., I. D. Fleming and D. J. Manners: α-1: 4-Glucosans. Part IX. The Molecular Structure of a Starch-type Polysaccharide from Dunaliella bioculata. J. Chem. Soc. (London) 1958, 2827.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Eppley, R. W.: Sodium Exclusion and Potassium Retention by the Red Marine Alga, Porphyra perforata J. Gen. Physiol. 41, 901 (1958).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Fischer, F. G. und H. Dôrfel: Die Polyuronsàuren der Braunalgen. Z. physiol. Chem. 302, 186 (1955).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Fisher, I. S. and E. Percival: The Water-soluble Polysaccharides of Cladophora rupestris J. Chem. Soc. (London) 1957, 2666.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Fleming, I. D., E. L. Hirst and D. J. Manners: α-1: 4-Glucosans. Part IV. A Re-examination, of the Molecular Structure of Floridean Starch. J. Chem. Soc (London) 1956, 2831.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Fogg, G. E.: The Metabolism of Algae. London: Methuen and Co. 1953.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Forbes, I. A. and E. G. V. Percival: Studies on Agar-agar. Part II. The Isolation of Derivatives of 3: 6-Anhydro-L-galactose from Agar and the Synthesis of their Enantiomorphs. J. Chem. Soc. (London) 1939, 1844.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Frei, E. and R. D. Preston: Configuration of Alginic Acid in Marine Brown Algae. Nature 196, 130 (1962).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Goldstein, I. J., F. Smith and A. M. Unrau: Constitution of Laminarin. Chem. and Ind. 1959, 124.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Greenwood, C. T. and J. Thomson: Physicochemical Studies on Starches. Part XXIII. Some Physical Properties of Floridean Starch and the Characterization of Structure-type of Branched α-1,4-Glucans. J. Chem. Soc. (London) 1961, 1534.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Haas, P. and B. Russell-Wells: Carrageen (Chondrus crispus). IV. The Hydrolysis of Carrageen Mucilage. Biochem. J. 23, 425 (1929).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Hands, S. and S. Peat: Anhydro-L-galactose in Agar-agar. Chem. and Ind. 1938, 937.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Hassid, W. Z.: The Structure of Sodium Sulfuric Acid Ester of Galactan from Irideae laminarioides (Rhodophyceae). J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 57, 2046 (1935).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Haug, A.: Ion Exchange Properties of Alginate Fractions. Acta Chem. Scand. 13, 1250 (1959).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Haug, A. and B. Larsen: The Solubility of Alginate at Low pH. Acta Chem. Scand. 17, 1653 (1963).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Hirase, S.: Studies on the Chemical Constitution of Agar-agar. XIX. Pyruvic Acid as a Constituent of Agar-agar (Part 2). Isolation of a Pyruvic Acid-linking Disaccharide Derivative from the Methanolysis Products of Agar. Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan 30, 70 (1957).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Hirase, S.: Studies on the Chemical Constitution of Agar-agar. XIX. Pyruvic Acid as a Constituent of Agar-agar (Part 3). Structure of the Pyruvic Acid-linking Disaccharide Derivative Isolated from the Methanolysis Products of Agar. Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan 30, 75 (1957).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Hirase, S., C. Araki and T. Itö: Isolation of Agarobiose Derivative from the Mucilage of Gloiopeltis furcata Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan 31, 428 (1958).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Hirst, E. L., J. K. N. Jones and W. O. Jones: The Structure of Alginic Acid. Part I. J. Chem. Soc. (London) 1939, 1880.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Hirst, E. L., E. Percival and J. K. Wold: The Structure of Alginic Acid. Part IV. Partial Hydrolysis of the Reduced Disaccharide. J. Chem. Soc. (London) 1964, 1493.

    Google Scholar 

  60. Hough, L., J. K. N. Jones and W. H. Wadman: An Investigation of the Polysaccharide Components of Certain Fresh-water Algae. J. Chem. Soc. (London) 1952, 3393.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Howard, B. H.: Hydrolysis of the Soluble Pentosans of Wheat Flour and Rhodymenia palmata by Ruminal Micro-organisms. Biochem. J. 67, 643 (1957).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Iriki, Y. and T. Miwa: Chemical Nature of the Cell Wall of the Green Algae, Codium, Acetabularia, and Halicoryne Nature 185, 178 (1960).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Iriki, Y., T. Suzuki, K. Nishizawa and T. Miwa: Xylan of Siphonaceous Green Algae. Nature 187, 82 (1960).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Johnston, R. and E. G. V. Percival: The Polysaccharides of Carragheen. Part III. Confirmation of the 1: 3-Linkage in Carragheenin, and the Isolation of ¿-Galactose Derivatives from a Resistant Fragment. J. Chem. Soc. (London) 1950, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  65. Jones, J. K. N.: The Structure of the Mannan present in Porphyra umbilicalis J. Chem. Soc. (London) 1950, 3292.

    Google Scholar 

  66. Kylin, Z.: Zur Biochemie der Meeresalgen. Z. physiol. Chem. 83, 171 (1913).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Larsen, B. and A. Haug: Free-boundary Electrophorisis of Acidic Polysaccharides from the Marine Alga Ascophyllum nodosum (L) Le Jol. Acta Chem. Scand. 17, 1646 (1963).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Lloyd, A. G., K. S. Dodgson, R. G. Price and F. A. Rose: Infrared Studies on Sulphate Esters. I. Polysaccharide Sulphates. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 46, 108 (1961).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Lloyd, K. O.: Ph. D. Thesis, Wales (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  70. Love, J., W. Mackie, J. W. McKinnell and E. Percival: Starch-type Polysaccharides Isolated from the Green Seaweeds, Enteromorpha compressa, Viva lactuca, Cladophora rupestris, Codium fragile and Chaetomorpha capillaris J. Chem. Soc. (London) 1963, 4177.

    Google Scholar 

  71. Love, J. and E. Percival: Polysaccharides of the Green Seaweed Codium fragile. Biochem. J. 84, 29 P (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  72. Lucas, H. J. and W. T. Stewart: Oxidation of Alginic Acid by Periodic Acid. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 62, 1792 (1940).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Lunde, G., E. Heen und E. Öy: Untersuchungen über Alginsäure. 1. Über die Konstitution der Alginsäure. Kolloid-Z. 83, 196 (1938).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. McKenzie, M. E.: Ph. D. Thesis, Edinburgh (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  75. Mackie, I. M. and E. Percival: The Constitution of Xylan from the Green Seaweed Caulerpa filiformis J. Chem. Soc. (London) 1959, 1151.

    Google Scholar 

  76. Mackie, I. M. and E. Percival: Polysaccharides from the Green Seaweed Caulerpa filiformis Part II. A Glucan of the Amylopectin Type. J. Chem. Soc. (London) 1960, 2381.

    Google Scholar 

  77. Mackie, I. M. and E. Percival: Polysaccharides from the Green Seaweeds of Caulerpa spp. Part III. Detailed Study of the Water-soluble Polysaccharides of C. filiformis : Comparison with the Polysaccharides Synthesised by C. racemosa and C. sertularioides J. C.em. Soc. (London) 1961, 3010.

    Google Scholar 

  78. Mackie, W. and E. Percival: The Site of Ester Sulphate Groups in the Polysaccharide from the Green Seaweed Cladophora rupestris. Biochem. J. 91, 5 P (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  79. McKinnell, J. P. and E. Percival: The Acid Polysaccharide from the Green Seaweed Ulva lactuca J. Chem. Soc. (London) 1962, 2082.

    Google Scholar 

  80. McKinnell, J. P. and E. Percival: Structural Investigations on the Water-soluble Polysaccharide of the Green Seaweed Enteromorpha compressa J. Chem. Soc. (London) 1962, 3141.

    Google Scholar 

  81. Manners, D. J. and A. R. Archibald: α-1: 4-Glucosans. Part V. End Group Assay of Glycogens by Periodate Oxidation, and the Oxidation of Maltose by Sodium Metaperiodate. J. Chem. Soc. (London) 1957, 2205.

    Google Scholar 

  82. Manners, D. J. and J. P. Mitchell: The Fine-structure of Rhodymenia palmata Xylan. Biochem. J. 89, 92 P (1963).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Meeuse, B. J. D., M. Andries and J. A. Wood: Floridean Starch. J. Exp. Botany 11, 129 (1960).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Meeuse, B. J. D. and D. R. Kreger: X-Ray Diffraction of Algal Starches. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 35, 26 (1959).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Meeuse, B. J. D. and B. N. Smith: A Note on the Amylolytic Breakdown of some Raw Algal Starches. Planta 57, 624 (1962).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Morgan, K. and A. N. O’Neill: Degradative Studies on λ -Carrageenin. Canad. J. Chem. 37, 1201 (1959).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Mori, T.: Seaweed Polysaccharides. Adv. Carbohydrate Chem. 8, 315 (1953).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Myers, A. and R. D. Preston: Fine Structure in the Red Algae. II. The Structure of the Cell Wall of Rhodymenia palmata. Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) B 150, 447 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  89. Myers, A. and R. D. Preston: Fine Structure in the Red Algae. III. A General Survey of Cell-wall Structure in the Red Algae. Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) B 150, 456 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  90. Nakamura, T.: Mucilage from the Red Seaweed Eucheuma spinosum Changes in Chemical Composition Due to Various Treatments. Bull. -Japan Soc. Sei. Fisheries 20, 501 (1954).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Nakamura, T.: Mucilage from the Seaweed Eucheuma muricatum. IV. Bull. Japan Soc. Sei. Fisheries 23, 647 (1958).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Nakamura, T.: Mucilage from the Seaweed Eucheuma muricatum VI. Bull. Japan Soc. Sei. Fisheries 24, 285 (1958).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  93. Naylor, G. L. and B. Russell-Wells: On the Presence of Cellulose and its Distribution in the Cell Walls of Brown and Red Algae. Ann. Botany 48, 635 (1934).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Nelson, W. L. and L. H. Cretcher: The Alginic Acid from Macrocystis pyrifera J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 51, 1914 (1929).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Nicolai, E. and R. D. Preston: Cell Wall Studies in the Chlorophyceae. 1. A General Survey of Submicroscopic Structure in Filamentous Species. Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) B 140, 244 (1952).

    Google Scholar 

  96. O’Colla, P.: Floridean Starch. Proc. Roy. Irish Acad. 55 B, 321 (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  97. O’Colla, P.: Mucilages. In: R. A. Lewin, Physiology and Biochemistry of Algae, p. 344. New York: Academic Press. 1962.

    Google Scholar 

  98. O’Donnell, J. J. and E. Percival: Structural Investigations on the Water-soluble Polysaccharides from the Green Seaweed Acrosiphonia centralis (Spongomorpha arcta) J. Chem. Soc. (London) 1959, 2168.

    Google Scholar 

  99. O’Donnell, J. J. and E. Percival: The Water-soluble Polysaccharides of Cladophora rupestris Part II. Barry Degradation and Methylation of the Degraded Polysaccharide. J. Chem. Soc. (London) 1959, 1739.

    Google Scholar 

  100. O’Neill, A. N.: Degradative Studies on Fucoidin. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 76, 5074 (1954).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  101. O’Neill, A. N.: 3,6-Anhydro-D-galactose as a Constituent of x-Carrageenin. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 77, 2837 (1955).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  102. O’Neill, A. N.: Derivatives of 4–0- β-D-Galactopyranosyl-3,6-anhydro-D-galactose from x-Carrageenin. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 77, 6324 (1955).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  103. Painter, T. J.: The Polysaccharides of Furcellaria fastigiata 1. Isolation and Partial Mercaptolysis of a Gel-fraction. Canad. J. Chem. 38, 112 (1960).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Peat, S., J. R. Turvey and J. M. Evans: The Structure of Floridean Starch. Part I. Linkage Analysis by Partial Acid Hydrolysis. J. Chem. Soc. (London) 1959, 3223.

    Google Scholar 

  105. Peat, S., J. R. Turvey and J. M. Evans: The Structure of Floridean Starch. Part II. Enzymic Hydrolysis and Other Studies. J. Chem. Soc. (London) 1959, 3341.

    Google Scholar 

  106. Peat, S., J. R. Turvey and D. A. Rees: Carbohydrates of the Red Alga, Phorphyra umbilicalis J. Chem. Soc. (London) 1961, 1590.

    Google Scholar 

  107. Peat, S., J. R. Turvey and P. Wootton-Davies: Unpublished work.

    Google Scholar 

  108. Peat, S., W. J. Whelan and H. G. Lawley: Structure of Laminarin. Part I. Main Polymeric Linkage. J. Chem. Soc. (London) 1958, 724.

    Google Scholar 

  109. Peat, S., W. J. Whelan and H. G. Lawley: Structure of Laminarin. Part II. Minor Structural Features. J. Chem. Soc. (London) 1958, 729.

    Google Scholar 

  110. Percival, E. E.: Personal communication.

    Google Scholar 

  111. Percival, E. E.: The Mercaptolysis of the Polysaccharide from Chondrus crispus Chem. and Ind. 1954, 1487.

    Google Scholar 

  112. Percival, E. and J. K. Wold: The Acid Polysaccharide from the Green Seaweed Ulva lactuca. Part II. The Site of the Ester Sulphate. J. Chem. Soc. (London) 1963, 5459.

    Google Scholar 

  113. Percival, E. G. V.: Carbohydrate Sulphates. Quart. Rev. (Chem. Soc. London) 3, 369 (1949).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Percival, E. G. V. and S. K. Chanda: The Xylan of Rhodymenia palmata Nature 166, 787 (1950).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Percival, E. G. V. and A. G. Ross: Marine Algal Cellulose. J. Chem. Soc. (London) 1949, 3041.

    Google Scholar 

  116. Fucoidin. I. The Isolation and Purification of Fucoidin from Brown Seaweeds. J. Chem. Soc. (London) 1950, 717.

    Google Scholar 

  117. Rees, D. A.: Estimation of the Relative Amounts of Isomeric Sulphate Esters in Some Sulphated Polysaccharides. J. Chem. Soc. (London) 1961, 5168.

    Google Scholar 

  118. Rees, D. A.: Enzymic Synthesis of 3: 6-Anhydro-L-galactose within Porphyran from L-Galactose 6-Sulphate Units. Biochem. J. 81, 347 (1961).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. Rees, D. A.: The Carrageenan System of Polysaccharides. Part I. The Relation between the x -and λ -Components. J. Chem. Soc. (London) 1963, 1821.

    Google Scholar 

  120. Rees, D. A. and E. Conway: The Structure and Biosynthesis of Porphyran: A Comparison of some Samples. Biochem. J. 84, 411 (1962).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Roelofsen, P. A., V. C. Dalitz and C. F. Wijnman: Constitution, Sub-microscopic Structure and Degree of Crystallinity of the Wall of Halicystis osterhoutii. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 11, 344 (1953).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Schweiger, R. G.: Methanolysis of Fucoidan. II. The Presence of Sugars Other than L-Fucose. J. Organ. Chem. (USA) 27, 4270 (1962).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Sisson, W. A.: Some X-ray Observations Regarding the Membrane Structure of Halicystis Contribs. Boyce Thompson Inst. 12, 31 (1941).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Smith, D. B. and W. H. Cook: Fractionation of Carrageenin. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 45, 232 (1953).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. Smith, D. B., W. H. Cook and J. L. Neal: Physical Studies on Carrageenin and Carrageenin Fractions. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 53, 192 (1954).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. Smith, D. B., A. N. O’Neill and A. S. Perlin: Studies on the Heterogeneity of Carrageenin. Canad. J. Chem. 33, 1352 (1955).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. Smith, F. and R. Montgomery: The Chemistry of Plant Gums and Mucilages. New York: Reinhold Publ. Corp. 1959.

    Google Scholar 

  128. Sponsler, O. L.: New Data on Cellulose Space Lattice. Nature 125, 633 (1930).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. Stoloff, L. and P. Silva: An Attempt to Determine Possible Taxonomic Significance of the Properties of Water Extractable Polysaccharides in Red Algae. Econ. Botany 11, 327 (1957).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  130. Turvey, J. R. and D. A. Rees: Isolation of L-Galactose-6-sulphate from a Seaweed Polysaccharide. Nature 189, 831 (1961).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. Turvey, J. R. and T. P. Williams: Sugar Sulphates from the Mucilage of Porphyra umbilicalis Proc. 4th Intern. Seaweed Sympos., p. 370. Paris: Pergamon Press. 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  132. Unrau, A. M. and F. Smith: A Chemical Method for the Determination of the Molecular Weight of Certain Polysaccharides. Chem. and Ind. 1957, 330.

    Google Scholar 

  133. Vincent, D. L., D. A. I. Goring and E. G. Young: A Comparison of the Properties of Various Preparations of Sodium Alginate. J. Appl. Chem. (London) 5, 374 (1955).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. Whistler, R. L. and J. N. BeMiller: Industrial Gums. Polysaccharides and Their Derivatives. New York: Academic Press. 1959.

    Google Scholar 

  135. Whistler, R. L. und K. W. Kirby: Notiz über die Zusammensetzung der Alginsäure von Macrocystis pyrifera. Z. physiol. Chem. 314, 46 (1959).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. Yaphe, W.: The Determination of x-Carrageenin as a Factor in the Classification of the Rhodophyceae. Canad. J. Bot. 37, 751 (1959).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Bangor, North Wales, Australia

    Stanley Peat & J. R. Turvey

Authors
  1. Stanley Peat
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. J. R. Turvey
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA

    L. Zechmeister

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1965 Springer-Verlag/Wien

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Peat, S., Turvey, J.R. (1965). Polysaccharides of Marine Algae. In: Zechmeister, L. (eds) Fortschritte der Chemie Organischer Naturstoffe / Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products / Progrès dans la Chimie des Substances Organiques Naturelles. Fortschritte der Chemie organischer Naturstoffe / Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products, vol 23. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-7139-4_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-7139-4_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-7091-7141-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-7091-7139-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation