Abstract
Seventy five years ago the cerebral ventricles of a hydrocephalic child were first inspected in vivo by means of an endoscope. The pioneering surgeon was Espinasse of Chicago. The instrument was a cystoscope designed for looking into the adult bladder. This utilised the system of lenses designed by Nitze of Vienna in 1887 illuminated by a distally placed incandescent bulb. This appears to have been applied to a cystoscope by Newman of Glasgow only three years after Edison had devised the incandescent lamp in 1880.
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© 1986 Springer-Verlag/Wien
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Griffith, H.B. (1986). Endoneurosurgery: Endoscopic Intracranial Surgery. In: Symon, L., et al. Advances and Technical Standards in Neurosurgery. Advances and Technical Standards in Neurosurgery, vol 14. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6995-7_1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6995-7_1
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