Skip to main content

Indications for Surgery in the Management of Gliomas

  • Chapter

Part of the book series: Advances and Technical Standards in Neurosurgery ((NEUROSURGERY,volume 17))

Abstract

The conventional wisdom among neurosurgeons and oncologists is that gliomas are not curable by surgery—nor by any other therapeutic approach—and yet that surgical resection is a necessary step in their treatment. It is not our intention to challenge this opinion, but to illustrate its daily application in the vast variety of individual gliomas in individual patients. If surgery were curative, the indication would be rather straightforward: we should only have to weigh the risks against the certainty of the cure. Surgery being palliative, its indication ought to be more carefully assessed: what does palliation mean in this patient? At what cost, to what extent and for how long will the disease be controlled? It is the aim of this paper to analyze possible answer to these questions leading to the decision for or against surgery in an individual patient presenting with a likely diagnosis of glioma.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Afra D, Müller W, Benoist G (1978) Supratentorial recurrence of gliomas. Results of reoperation on astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas. Acta Neu- rochir (Wien) 43: 217 – 227

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Ammirati M, Galicich JH, Arbit E, Liao Y (1987) Reoperation in the treatment of recurrent intracranial malignant gliomas. Neurosurg 21: 607 – 614

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Ammirati M, Vick N, Liao Y, Ciric I, Mikhael M (1987) Effect of the extent of surgical resection on survival and quality of lifes in patients with supratentorial glioblastomas un anaplastic astrocytomas. Neurosurg 21: 201 – 206

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Apuzzo MLJ, Chandrasoma PT, Cohen D etal (1987) Computed imaging stereotaxy: experience and perspective related to 500 procedures applied to brain masses. Neurosurg 20: 930–937

    Google Scholar 

  5. Apuzzo MLJ, Sabshin JK (1983) Computed tomographic guidance stereotaxis in the management of intracranial mass lesions. Neurosurgery 12: 277 – 285

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Backlund EO (1979) Stereotactic radiosurgery in intracranial tumours and vascular malformations. In: Krayenbiihl H et al(eds) Advances and technical standards in neurosurgery, Vol 6. Springer, Wien New York, pp 1 – 37

    Google Scholar 

  7. Bailey P, Cushing HA (1926) A classification of the tumors of the glioma group on a histogenesic basis with a correlated study of prognosis. Lippincott, Philadelphia

    Google Scholar 

  8. Batzdorf V, Gold V (1974) Dispersion of central nervous system tumours. Correlation between clinical aspects and tissue culture studies. J Neurosurg 41: 691 – 698

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Benabib AL, Persat JC, Chirossel JP etal (1978) Delimitation des tumeurs cerebrales par stereo-impedo-encephalographie (SIEG). Neurochirurgie 24: 3–13

    Google Scholar 

  10. Benabid A, Blond S, Chazal J etal (1985) Les biopsies stereotaxiques (BS) des neoformations intracraniennes. Reflexions a propos de 3,052 cas. Neurochirurgie 31: 295–301

    Google Scholar 

  11. Bennett H, Godlee RJ (1884) Excision of a tumor from the brain. Lancet 2: 1090 – 1091

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Bergstrom M, Greitz J (1976) Stereotaxic computed tomography. Am J Roentgenol 127: 160 – 170

    Google Scholar 

  13. Bernstein M, Gutin PH (1981) Interstitial irradiation of brain tumors: a review. Neurosurg 9: 741 – 750

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Betti 00, Derecinsky YE (1983) Irradiations stereotaxiques multifaisceaux. Neuro-Chirurgie 29: 295 – 298

    Google Scholar 

  15. Black P, Ronner SF (1987) Cortical mapping for defining the limits of tumour resection. Neurosurgery 20: 914 – 919

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Bookwalter III WJ, Selker RG, Schiffer L etal (1986) Brain tumor cells kinetics correlated with survival. J Neurosurg 65: 795–798

    Google Scholar 

  17. Broggi G, Franzini A, Ferraresi S (1988) Cell kinetics and multimodel prognostic evaluation in glial tumors investigated by serial stereotaxic biopsy. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 94: 53 – 56

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Brooks WH, Markesbery WR, Gupta GD etal (1978) Relationship of lymphocytes invasions and survival of brain tumor patients. Ann Neurol 4: 219–224

    Google Scholar 

  19. Brown FD, Rachlin JR, Rubin JM etal (1984) Ultra sound-guided periventricular stereotaxis. Neurosurg 15: 162–164

    Google Scholar 

  20. Burger PC (1985) Gliomas: pathology. In: Wilkins RH, Rengachary SS (eds) Neurosurgery, Vol 1. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, pp 553 – 563

    Google Scholar 

  21. Burger PC, Green JB (1987) Patient age, histologic features and length of survival in patients with glioblastoma multiformis. Cancer 59: 1617 – 1625

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Burger PC, Heinz ER, Shibata T, Kleihues P (1988) Topographic anatomy and CT correlation in the untreated glioblastoma-multiformis. J Neurosurg 68: 698 – 704

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Burger PC, Vogel FS, Green SB, Strike TA (1985) Glioblastoma multiformis and anaplastic astrocytoma: pathologic criteria and prognostic implications. Cancer 56: 1106 – 1111

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Burger PC, Vollmer RT (1980) Histologic factors of prognostic significance in the glioblastoma multiform. Cancer 46: 1179 – 1186

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Butler AR, Horli SC, Kricheff II (1978) Computed tomography in astrocytomas. A statistical analysis of the parameters of malignancy and the positive enhanced CT scan. Radiology 129: 433 – 439

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Byar DP, Green SB, Strike TA (1983) Prognostic factors for malignant gliomas. In: Walker MD (ed) Oncology of the nervous system. Martinus Nijhof Publishers, Boston The Hague, pp 379 – 395

    Google Scholar 

  27. Cairncross JG, MacDonald DR (1988) Successful chemotherapy for recurrent malignant oligodendrogliomas. Ann Neurol 23: 360 – 363

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Chandrasoma PT, Smith MM, Apuzzo MLJ (1989) Stereotactic biopsy in the diagnosis of brain masses: comparison of results of biopsy and resected surgical specimen. Neurosurg 24: 160 – 165

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Chang CH, Horton J, Schuenfeld D etal (1983) Comparison of postoperative radiotherapy and combined postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the multidisciplinary management of malignant gliomas. Cancer 52: 997–1007

    Google Scholar 

  30. Ciric I, Ammirati M, Yick N, Mickhael M (1987) Supratentorial gliomas: surgical consideration and immediate postoperative results. Gross total resection versus partial resection. Neurosurg 21: 21 – 26

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Coffey RJ, Lunsford LD, Taylor FH (1988) Survival after stereotaxic biopsy of malignant gliomas. Neurosurg 22: 465 – 473

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Cohadon F, Aouad N, Rougier A, Vital C, Rivel J, Dartigues JF (1985) Histologic and non-histologic factors correlated with survival time in su- pratentorial astrocytic tumors. J Neuro-Oncol 3: 105 – 111

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Cohadon F, Caille JM, Constant P, Campagne JP (1978) Tomodensitometry under stereotaxic conditions. In: Boris J (ed) The diagnostic limitations of CAT. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 190 – 192

    Google Scholar 

  34. Cohadon F, Rougier A, Da Silva Nunes Neto D (1977) La tomodensitometrie en conditions stereotaxiques. Neuro-Chirurgie 23: 433 – 452

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Cohadon F, Rougier A, Da Silva Nunes Neto D, Sageaux JC, Billeret J, Caille JM, Imbernon A (1979) CT scan as an aid to the assessment of tumoral volume. In: Szikla G (ed) Stereotactic cerebral irradiation, INSERM Symposium 12, Elsevier, North Holland

    Google Scholar 

  36. Colombo F, Benedetti A, Pozza F etal (1985) Stereotaxic radiosurgery utilizing a linear accelerator. Appl Neurophysiol 48: 133-145

    Google Scholar 

  37. Committee on Health Care Issues, American Neurological Association (1989) Chemotherapy for malignant Gliomas? Ann Neurol: 88 – 89

    Google Scholar 

  38. Constans JP, Haie C, Meder JF, Vedrenne C (1989) Oligodendrogliomas. In: Cohadon F (ed) Tumeurs du systeme nerveux et de ses enveloppes. Flammarion Medecine Science, Paris, pp 302 – 310

    Google Scholar 

  39. Constans JP, Schlienger M (1975) Radiotherapies des tumeurs du systeme nerveux central de l’adulte. Neurochir 21 [Suppl 2]: 254 pp

    Google Scholar 

  40. Cooperative Study of the Stereotactic Group of Paris Sainte-Anne, Bordeaux, Grenoble, Marseille, Rennes (1979) Combined interstitial and external irradiation of gliomas: a progress report. In: Szikla G (ed) Stereotactic cerebral irradiation, INSERM Symposium 12, Elsevier, North Holland, pp 329 – 338

    Google Scholar 

  41. Cox DR (1972) Regression models and lifes-tables. JR Stat Soc (B) 34: 187 – 220

    Google Scholar 

  42. Cushing H (1909) A method of combining exploration and decompression for cerebral tumors which prove to be inoperable. Surg Gynecol Obstet 9: 1

    Google Scholar 

  43. Dandy WE (1921) Treatment of brain tumors. JAMA 77: 1853

    Google Scholar 

  44. Daumas-Duport C, Scheithauer BW (1987) A histologic and cytologic method for the spatial definition of gliomas. Mayo Clin Proc 62: 435 – 449

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Daumas-Duport C, Szikla G (1981) Deliminatation et configuration spatiale des gliomes cerebraux: donnees biologiques, inciences therapeutiques. Neuro- Chirurgie 27: 273 – 284

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Earnest F, Kernohan JW, Craig WM (1950) Oligodendroglioma: a review of 200 cases. Arch Neurol Psychiat 63: 163 – 176

    Google Scholar 

  47. Edwards MS, Levin VA, Wilson CB (1980) Brain tumor chemotherapy an evaluation of agents in current use for phase II and III trials. Cancer Treatment Reports 64: 1179 – 1205

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. European Organization for Research on Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Brain Tumour Group (1981) Evaluation of CCNU, VM 26 plus CCNU and procarbazine in supratentorial brain gliomas. J Neurosurg 55: 27 – 31

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Fazekas JT (1977) Radiation oncology. Treatment of grades I and II lesion astrocytomas. The role of radiotherapy. Radiation Oncol Biol Phys 2: 661 – 666

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Fischer DK, Chen JL, Narayan RK (1988) Immunological and biochemical strategies for the identification of brain tumor associated antigens. J Neurosurg 68: 165 – 180

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Fix J (1966) Evaluation of radiotherapeutic management of glial tumors without prior surgery. Am J Roentgenol 96: 130 – 136

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Fox PT, Burton H, Raiche ME (1987) Mapping human somatosensory cortex with positron emission tomography. J Neurosurg 67: 34 – 43

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Frankel SA, German WJ (1958) Glioblastoma multiformis. Review of 219 cases with regard to natural history pathology diagnostic methods and treatment. J Neurosurg 15: 489 – 503

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Fulling KH, Garcia DM (1985) Anaplastic astrocytoma of the adult cerebrum. Prognostic value of histologic features. Cancer 55: 928 – 931

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Garcia DM, Fulling KH, Marks JE (1985) The value of radiation therapy in addition to surgery in astrocytomas of the adult cerebrum. Cancer 55: 919 – 927

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Garfield J (1980) Surgery of cerebral gliomas. In: Thomas DGT, Graham DI (eds) Brain tumours, 1 vol. Butterworths, London, pp 301 – 321

    Google Scholar 

  57. Giangaspero G, Burger PC (1983) Correlations between cytologic composition and biologic behavior in the glioblastoma multiform: A post mortem study of 50 cases. Cancer 52: 2320 – 2330

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Gilbert H, Kagan AR, Cassidy F etal (1981) Glioblastoma multiforme is not a uniform disease! Cancer Clin Trials 4: 87-89

    Google Scholar 

  59. Gildenberg PL (1983) Stereotactic neurosurgery and computerized tomographic scanning. Appl Neurophysiol 46: 170 – 179

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Goutelle A, Fischer G (1977) Les ependymomes intracraniens et intrarach- idiens. Neurochir 23 [Suppl 1]: 236 pp

    Google Scholar 

  61. Gregorie EM, Goldring S (1984) Localization of function in the excision of lesions from the sensory motor region. J Neurosurg 61: 1047 – 1054

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Gulotta F (1981) Morphological and biological basis for the classification of brain tumors, with a comment on the WHO classification 1979. In: Kray- enbuhl H et al(eds) Advances and technical standards in neurosurgery, vol 8. Springer, Wien New York, pp 123 – 165

    Google Scholar 

  63. Gutin PH, Philips TL, Wara WM etal (1984) Brachytherapy of recurrent malignant brain tumors with removable high activity iodine 125 sources. J Neurosurg 60: 61-68

    Google Scholar 

  64. Guyot JF (1987) Gliomes hemispheriques. I) Attitude pratique en 1987; II) Les mythes qui nous soutiennent. Neuro-Chirurgie 33: 500-503, 504 – 506

    Google Scholar 

  65. Harsh GR, Levin VA, Gutin PH etal (1987) Reoperation for recurrent glioblastoma and anaplastic astrocytoma. Neurosurg 21: 615-621

    Google Scholar 

  66. Haughton VB, Rimm AA, Sobolinski KA etal (1986) A blinded clinical comparison of NMR imaging and CT in neuroradiology. Radiology 160: 751-755

    Google Scholar 

  67. Heilbrun MP, Roberts TS, Apuzzo MLJ, Wells Jr TH, Sabshin JK (1984) Preliminary experience with Brown-Roberts-Wells (BRW) computerized tomography stereotaxic guidance system. J Neurosurg 59: 217 – 222

    Google Scholar 

  68. Hildebrand J, Brihaye J (1975) Malignant gliomas: prognostic factors and criteria of response. In: Staquet M (ed) Cancer therapy: prognostic factors and criteria of response. Raven Press, New York, pp 307 – 318

    Google Scholar 

  69. Hochberg FH, Slotonick B (1980) Neuropsychologic impairment in astrocytoma survivors. Neurology 30: 172 – 177

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Hochberg FW, Linggood R, Wolfson L, Baker WH, Kornblith P (1979) Quality and duration of survival in glioblastoma multiformis. JAMA 241: 1016 – 1018

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Hochberg FW, Parker LM, Takvorian T etal (1981) High dose BCNU with autologous bone marrow rescue for recurrent glioblastoma multiformis. J Neurosurg 54: 455-460

    Google Scholar 

  72. Hochberg FW, Pruitt A (1980) Assumptions in the radiotherapy of glioblastoma. Neurology (NY) 30: 907 – 911

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Hopewell JW (1975) The subependymal plate and the genesis of gliomas. J Pathol 117: 101 – 104

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Hoshino T (1984) A commentary on the biology and growth kinetics of low grade and high grade gliomas. J Neurosurg 61: 895 – 900

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Hoshino T, Barker M, Wilson CB, Boldrey E, Fewer D (1972) Cells kinetics of human gliomas. J Neurosurg 37: 15 – 26

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Hoshino T, Wilson CB, Rosenblum ML, Barker M (1975) Chemotherapeutic implications of growth fraction and cell cycle time in glioblastoma. J Neurosurg 43: 127 – 135

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Jani SK, Hitchon PW, Van Gilder TC etal (1987) Choice of radioisotope in stereotactic interstitial radiotherapy of small brain tumors. Appl Neu- rophysiol 50: 295-301

    Google Scholar 

  78. Jellinger K (1978) Glioblastoma multiform, morphology and biology. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 42: 5 – 32

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Jelsma R, Bully PC (1969) Glioblastoma multiform: its treatment and some factors affecting survival. Arch Neurol 20: 161 – 171

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Karnofsky DA, Abelmann WH, Craver LF, Burchenal JH (1948) The use of the nitrogen mustards in the palliative treatment of carcinoma: with particular reference to bronchogenic carcinoma. Cancer 1: 634 – 656

    Article  Google Scholar 

  81. Kassirer JP (1976) The principles of clinical decision making: an introduction to decision analysis. The Yale Journal of Biology and Medecine 49: 149 – 164

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Katakura T, Yoshimoto F (1988) Epidemiology and Statistical Analysis of Gliomas. In: Suzuki J (ed) Treatment of gliomas. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo, pp 3–16

    Google Scholar 

  83. Kelly PJ (1989) Investigative protocols to treat malignant brain tumors in North America. Neurosurgery 24: 459 – 472

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Kelly (1989) Stereotaxic imaging surgical planning and computer assisted resection of intracranial lesions: methods and results. This volume

    Google Scholar 

  85. Kelly PJ, Daumas-Duport C, Kispert DB etal (1987) Imaging-based stereotaxic serial biopsies in untreated intracranial glial neoplasms. J Neurosurg 66: 865-874

    Google Scholar 

  86. Kelly PJ, Franklin E, Kail BA Goerss SJ, Scheithauer B (1985) Surgical options for patients with deep-seated brain tumors: computer-assisted stereotactic biopsy. Mayo Clin Proc 60: 223 – 229

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Kelly PJ, Kail BA, Goerss S, Earnest F (1986) Computer assisted stereotaxic laser resection of intra-axial brain neoplasms. J Neurosurg 64: 427 – 439

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Kendall BE, Jakubowki J, Pullicino P, Symon L (1979) Difficulties in diagnosis of supratentorial glioma by CAT scan. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 42: 485 – 492

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Kernohan JW, Fletcher-Kernohan EM (1937) Ependymomas. A study of 19 cases. Res Publ Ass Nerv Ment Dis 16: 182 – 209

    Google Scholar 

  90. Kernohan JW, Mabon RF, Svien HJ, Adson AW (1949) A simplified classification of the gliomas. Proc Mayo Clin 24: 71 – 75

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Kernohan JW, Sayre GP (1952) Tumors of the central nervous system. In: Atlas of tumour pathology. Sec X, Fasc 35 – 37. Armed forces Institute of Pathology (eds), Washington

    Google Scholar 

  92. King RB, Schell GR (1987) Cortical localization and monitoring during cerebral operations. J Neurosurg 67: 210 – 219

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Kitahara M (1988) Clinical analysis of glioma: low grade astrocytoma. In: Suzuki J (ed) Treatment of glioma. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo, pp 173 – 186

    Google Scholar 

  94. Kjelberg RN, Abe N (1988) Stereotactic bragg peak proton beam therapy. In: Lunsford LD (ed) Modern stereotactic neurosurgery. Martinus Nijhoff, Boston, pp 463 – 467

    Google Scholar 

  95. Kornblith PC, Walker M (1988) Chemotherapy for malignant gliomas. J Neurosurg 68: 1 – 17

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Kricheff JJ, Becker M, Schneck SA, Taveras JM (1964) Intracranial ependymoma: factors influencing prognosis. J Neurosurg 21: 7 – 14

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Kristiansen K, Hagen S, Kollevold T et al(1981) Combined modality therapy of operated astrocytomas grade III and IV. Confirmation of the value of postoperative irradiation and lack of potentiation of gliomycin on survival time. Cancer 47: 649 – 652

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Kumar AVR, Renaudin J, Wilson CB, Boldrey EB, Enot KJ, Levin VA (1974) Phase II study of N-isopropyl OC-2 methylhydrasine—Toluamine hydrochloride in the treatment of brain tumors. J Neurosurg 40: 365 – 371

    Article  Google Scholar 

  99. Lagarde P (1987) La radiotherapie des astrocytomes sustentoriels de bas grade. These de Medecine, Bourdeaux n° 202

    Google Scholar 

  100. Laws ER, William FT, Marvin BC, Haruo Okazaki (1984) Neurosurgical management of low-grade astrocytoma of the cerebral hemisphere. J Neurosurg 61: 665 – 673

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Leibel JA, Sheline GE (1987) Radiotherapy for neoplasm of the brain. J Neurosurg 66: 1 – 22

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Lejeune JP, Dhellemmes P, Dupard T et al(1987) Les ependymomes intracra- niens: experience de 86 cas. Neuro-Chirurgie 33: 118 – 123

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Leksell L (1951) The stereotaxic method and radiosurgery of the brain. Acta Chir Scand 102: 316 – 319

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Leksell L (1971) Stereotaxis and radiosurgery, an operative system. Ch C Thomas, Springfield, 111

    Google Scholar 

  105. Levin VA, Hoffman WF, Heilbron DC, Norman D (1980) Prognostic significance of the pretreatment CT scan on time to progression for patients with malignant gliomas. J Neurosurg 52: 642 – 647

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Levin VA, Wara WM, Davis RL etal (\9%5) Phase III comparison of BCNU and the combination of procarbazine CCNU and vincristim administered after radiotherapy with hydroxyurea for malignant gliomas. J Neurosurg 63: 218-223

    Google Scholar 

  107. Levin VA (1976) Pharmacological principles of brain tumour chemotherapy. In: Thompson RA, Green JR (eds) Advances in neurology, vol 15. Raven Press, New York, pp 315 – 325

    Google Scholar 

  108. Lewis PD (1968) Mitotic activity in the primate subependymal layer and the genesis of gliomas. Nature 217: 974 – 975

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Lilja A, Bergstrom K, Spannare B etal (1981) Reliability of computed tomography in assessing histopathological features of malignant supratentorial gliomas. J Comput Assist Tomogr 5: 625-636

    Google Scholar 

  110. Lindegaard KF, Mork SJ, Eide GE etal (1987) Statistical analysis of clin- icopathological features, radiotherapy and survival in 170 cases of oligodendroglioma. J Neurosurg 67: 224-230

    Google Scholar 

  111. Lobato RD, Rivas JJ, Roger R (1982) Stereotactic biopsy of brain lesions visualized with computed tomography. Appl Neurophysiol 45: 426 – 430

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Ludwig CC, Smith MT, Godfrey AD, Armbrustmacher VW (1986) A clin- icopathological study of 232 patients with oligodendroglioma. Ann Neurol 19: 15 – 21

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Lunsford LD, Flickinger J, Lindner G, Maitz A (1989) Stereotactic radiosurgery of the brain using the first United States 201 colbat-60 source gamma knife. Neurosurg 24: 151 – 159

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Maire JP, Celerier D, Desplat A, Caudry M, Leman P (1981) Les facteurs de reponse aux traitements des gliomes malins de l’adulte. Neuro-Chirurgie 27: 305 – 314

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  115. Marks JE, Gado M (1977) Serial computed tomography of primary brain tumors following surgery, irradiation, and chemotherapy. Radiology 125: 119 – 125

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Martuzza RL, Seizinger BR, Jacoby LB etal (1988) The molecular biology of human glial tumours. TINS 11: 22-27

    Google Scholar 

  117. Matsukado Y, MacCarty CS, Kernohan JW (1961) The growth of glioblastoma multiforme (astrocytomas, grades 3 and 4) in neurosurgical practice. J Neurosurg 18: 636 – 644

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. Maxwell HP (1946) The incidence of interhemispheric extension of glioblastoma multiforme through the corpus callosum. J Neurosurg 3: 54 – 57

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. Morantz RA (1987) Radiation therapy in the treatment of cerebral astrocytoma. Neurosurgery 20: 975 – 982

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Morsk SJ, Lindegaard KF, Halvorsen TB (1985) Oligodendroglioma: incidence and biological behavior in a defined population. J Neurosurg 63: 881 – 889

    Article  Google Scholar 

  121. Moser RP (1988) Surgery for glioma relapse. Cancer 62: 381 – 390

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Morsk SJ, Loken A1 (1977) Ependymoma: a follow-up study of 101 cases. Cancer 40: 907 – 915

    Article  Google Scholar 

  123. Mullan S (1975) Surgery of brain tumors. In: Vinken PJ, Bruyn GW (eds) Handbook of clinical neurology, vol 18, pp 471 – 480

    Google Scholar 

  124. Mundinger F (1988) Stereotactic biopsy and implantation of radionuclids guided by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging for therapy of brain tumor. In: Schmidek H, Sweet WH (eds) Operative neurosurgical techniques. Grune and Stratton, Inc, New York, pp 491 – 514

    Google Scholar 

  125. Mundinger F, Weigel K (1984) Long term results of stereotactic interstitial curietherapies. Acta Neurochir (Wien) [Suppl 33]: 367 – 371

    Google Scholar 

  126. Mundinger G (1966) The treatment of brain tumors with radioisotopes. Prog Neurol Surg 1: 101 – 257

    Google Scholar 

  127. Murovic J, Turowski K, Wilson CB, Hoshino T, Levin V (1986) Computerized tomography in the prognosis of malignant cerebral gliomas. J Neurosurg 65: 799 – 806

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. Murray KJ (1982) Improved surgical resection of human brain tumors. Surg Neurol 17: 316 – 319

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. Müller N, Afra D, Schroder R (1977) Supratentorial recurrences of gliomas. Morphological studies in relation to time intervals with astrocytomas. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 37: 75 – 91

    Article  Google Scholar 

  130. Müller N, Afra D, Schroder R (1977) Supratentorial recurrences of gliomas with oligodendrogliomas. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 39: 15 – 25

    Article  Google Scholar 

  131. Nelson DF, Nelson JS, Davis DR, Chang CH, Griffin TW, Pajak JF (1985) Survival and prognosis of patients with astrocytoma with atypical or anaplastic features. J Neuro-Oncol 3: 99 – 103

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. Nelson JS, Tsukada Y, Schoenfeld D, Pulling K, Lamarche J, Peress N (1983) Necrosis as a prognostic criteria in malignant supratentorial astrocytic gliomas. Cancer 52: 550 – 554

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. Neumann J, Kimpel J, Gulotta F (1978) Das Oligodendrogliom. Klinischer Verlauf in Bezug zum histologischen Grading. Neurochirurgia (Stuttgart): 35 – 42

    Google Scholar 

  134. Neuwelt EA, Howieson J, Frenkel EP etal (1986) Therapeutic efficacy of multiagent chemotherapy with drug delivery enhancement by blood brain barrier modification in glioblastomas. Neurosurg 19: 573-582

    Google Scholar 

  135. Nishio S, Korosue K, Tateishi J etal (1982) Ventricular and subarachnoid seeding of intracranial tumors of neuroectodermal origin. Clin Neuropath 1: 83-91

    Google Scholar 

  136. Ojeman GA (1979) Individual variability in cortical localization of language. J Neurosurg 50: 164 – 169

    Article  Google Scholar 

  137. Ojeman GA, Dodrill CB (1985) Verbal memory deficits after left temporal lobectomy for epilepsy. Mechanism and intraoperative prediction. J Neurosurg 62: 101 – 107

    Article  Google Scholar 

  138. Ostertag CB, Mennel HD, Kiessling MD (1980) Stereotactic biopsy of brain tumors. Surg Neurol 14: 275 – 283

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. Paillas JE, Grisoli F (1982) Progres dans le diagnostic et le traitement des oligodendrogliomes de l’encephale. Sem Hop Paris 58: 851 – 856

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. Palma L, Dilorenzo N, Guidetti B (1978) Lymphocytic infiltrates in primary glioblastomas and recidivous gliomas. J Neurosurg 49: 854 – 861

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  141. Palma L, Guidetti B (1985) Cystic pilocytic astrocytomas of the cerebral hemispheres. J Neurosurg 62: 811 – 815

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. Patronas NJ, Di Chiro G, Kufta C etal (1985) Prediction of survival in glioma patients by means of positron emission tomography. J Neurosurg 62: 816-822

    Google Scholar 

  143. Pecker J, Scarabin JM, Briicher JM, Vallee B (1979) Demarche stereotaxique en neurochirurgie tumorale, 1 vol. Laboratoire Pierre Fabre, 302 p

    Google Scholar 

  144. Pecker J, Scarabin JM, Dekkiche M, Allaire L (1981) Place de la chirurgie dans le traitement des gliomes malins supratentoriels. Neuro-Chirurgie 27: 287 – 294

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  145. Penfield W, Boldrey E (1937) Somatic motor and sensory representation in the cerebral cortex of man as studied by electrical stimulation. Brain 60: 389 – 443

    Article  Google Scholar 

  146. Penfield W, Jasper HH (1954) Epilepsy and the functional anatomy of the human brain. Little, Brown & Co, Boston, pp 241 – 263

    Google Scholar 

  147. Penfield W, Roberts L (1959) Speech and brain mechanisms. Princeton University Press, Princeton

    Google Scholar 

  148. Peto R, Peto J (1972) Asymptotically efficient rank unvariant test procedures. JR Stat Soc (A) 135: 185 – 206

    Google Scholar 

  149. Piepmeyer JM (1987) Observations on the current treatment of low grade astrocytic tumors of the cerebral hemispheres. J Neurosurg 67: 177 – 181

    Article  Google Scholar 

  150. Pierre-Kahn A, Hirsch JF, Roux FX etal (1983) Intracranial ependymoma in childhood survival and functional results of 47 cases. Child’s Brain 10: 145-146

    Google Scholar 

  151. Pool JL, Kamrin RP (1966) The treatment of intracranial gliomas by surgery and radiation. In: Progress neurology surgery, vol 1. Karger, Basel New York, pp 258 – 299

    Google Scholar 

  152. Punt J (1984) Does biopsy or any surgery influence the outcome in patients with supratentorial malignant gliomas. In: Warlow C, Garfield J (eds) Dilemmas in the management of neurological care. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh

    Google Scholar 

  153. Ransohoff J (1983) The role of intracranial surgery for the treatment of malignant gliomas. In: Walker MD (ed) Oncology of the nervous system. Martinus, Nijhoff Publishing, Boston The Hague, pp 101 – 115

    Google Scholar 

  154. Ransohoff J, Lieberman A (1978) Surgical therapy of primary malignant brain tumors. In: Clinical neurology, vol 25. William and Wilkins, Baltimore, pp 403 – 411

    Google Scholar 

  155. Reeves GI, Marks JE (1979) Prognostic significance of lesion size for glioblastoma multiforme. Radiology 132: 469 – 471

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  156. Reinhart H (1989) Surgery of brain neoplasm using 32 P tumor marker. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 97: 89 – 94

    Article  Google Scholar 

  157. Rich KM, Goldring S, Gado M (1985) Computed tomography in chronic seizure disorder caused by glioma. Arch Neurol 42: 26 – 27

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  158. Ringhertz N (1950) Grading of gliomas. Acta Path Microbiol Scand 27: 51 – 64

    Article  Google Scholar 

  159. Roberts DW, Coughlin CT, Wong TZ, Fratkin JD, Douple EB, Strohbehn JW (1986) Interstitial hyperthermia and iridium brachytherapy in treatment of malignant glioma. J Neurosurg 64: 581 – 587

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  160. Rougier A (1989) Les gliomes de la lignee astrocytaire. In: Cohadon F (ed) Les tumeurs du systeme nerveux central et de ses enveloppes. Flammarion Medecine-Sciences, Paris, pp 291 – 301

    Google Scholar 

  161. Rougier A, Pigneux J, Cohadon F (1984) Combined interstitial and external irradiation of gliomas. Acta Neurochir (Wien) [Suppl 33]: 345 – 353

    Google Scholar 

  162. Rougier A, Pigneux J, Richaud P, Cohadon F (1981) La prise en charge diagnostique et therapeutique des gliomes malins. Neuro-Chirurgie 21: 315 – 320

    Google Scholar 

  163. Rougier A, Sageaux JC, Certain O etal (1982) Stereoencephalography in cerebral tumors. Appl Neurophysiol 45: 413 – 418

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  164. Rubinstein LJ (1972) Tumors of the central nervous system. Washington Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, pp 19 – 50, 55-85

    Google Scholar 

  165. Russel DS, Rubinstein LJ (1977) Pathology and tumours of the nervous system. William and Wilkins, Baltimore, pp 155 – 172, 226-270

    Google Scholar 

  166. Rutten E, Kazem I, Slouff J, Walder A (1981) Postoperative radiation therapy in the management of brain astrocytoma. Retrospective study of 142 patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 7: 191 – 195

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  167. Salazar OM, Castro-Vita H, Van Houtte P etal (1983) Improved survival in cases of intracranial ependymoma after radiation therapy. Late reports and recommandations. J Neurosurg 59: 652 – 659

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  168. Salcman M (1980) Survival in glioblastoma: historical perspective. Neurosurg 7: 435 – 439

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  169. Salcman M, Kaplan RS (1986) Intracranial tumours in adults. In: Moossa AR etal (eds) Comprehensive text book of oncology. Chap 59. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore London

    Google Scholar 

  170. Salcman M, Kaplan RS, Ducker TB, Abdo H, Montgomery E (1982) Effect of age and reoperation on the survival in the combined modality treatment of malignant astrocytoma. Neurosurg 10: 454 – 463

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  171. Sawamura Y, De Tribolet N (1989) Immunobiology of brain tumors. This volume

    Google Scholar 

  172. Scanlon PW, Taylor WF (1979) Radiotherapy of intracranial astrocytomas. Analysis of 417 cases treated from 1960 through 1969. Neurosurg 5: 301 – 308

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  173. Scherer HJ (1940 Cerebral astrocytomas and their derivatives. Am J Cancer XL [2]: 159-198

    Google Scholar 

  174. Scherer HJ (19402) The forms of growth in gliomas and their practical significance. Brain 63: 1-35

    Google Scholar 

  175. Schieffer N, Hasenbein B, Schmidt H (1978) Multicentric glioblastomas. Methods of diagnosis and treatment. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 42: 89 – 95

    Article  Google Scholar 

  176. Schiffer D, Cavicchioli D, Giordana MJ etal (1979) Analysis of some factors affecting survival in malignant gliomas. Tumori 65: 119 – 125

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  177. Schmideck HH (1987) The molecular genetics of nervous system tumours. J Neurosurg 67: 1 – 16

    Article  Google Scholar 

  178. Schraub S, Altwegg T (1980) Le cout du traitement des cancers. Service de Radiotherapie du CHR de Besancon (25000)

    Google Scholar 

  179. Scott GM, Gilbert FB (1980) Epilepsy and other factors in the prognosis of gliomas. Acta Neurol Scand 61: 227 – 239

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  180. Sedan R, Peragut JC, Farnarier PH etal (1987) Imagerie moderne et stereotaxic. Neurochir 33: 23-27

    Google Scholar 

  181. Shapiro WR (1982) Treatment of neuroectodermal brain tumors. Ann Neurol 12: 231 – 237

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  182. Shapiro WR, Byrne TN (1983) Chemotherapy of brain tumors. Basic concepts. In: Walker MD (ed) Oncology of the nervous system. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Boston The Hague

    Google Scholar 

  183. Sheline G (1977) Radiation therapy of brain tumors. Cancer 39: 873 – 881

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  184. Shingai J, Kanno M (1988) Clinical analysis of glioma: anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma. In: Suzuki J (ed) Treatment of glioma. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo, pp 153 – 171

    Google Scholar 

  185. Smith MT, Ludwig CL, Godfrey AD etal (1983) Grading of oligodendroglioma. Cancer 52: 2107-2114

    Google Scholar 

  186. Stage WS, Stein JJ (1974) Treatment of malignant astrocytomas. Am J Roentgenol 120: 7 – 18

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  187. Szikla G (ed) (1979) Stereotactic cerebral irradiation. Biomedical Press, Amsterdam, Elsevier/North Holland (INSERM Symposium, n° 12 )

    Google Scholar 

  188. Szikla G, Schlienger M, Blond S etal (1984) Interstitial and combined interstitial an external irradiation of supratentorial gliomas. Results of 61 cases treated 1973-1981. Acta Neurochir (Wien) [Suppl 33]: 355-362

    Google Scholar 

  189. Takakura K, Abe H, Tanaka R etal (1986) Effects of ACNU and radiotherapy on malignant glioma. J Neurosurg 64: 53-57

    Google Scholar 

  190. Takakura K, Sano K (1972) Sites of action of chemotherapeutic drugs on brain tumor metabolism. In: Kirsch WM, Paoletti EG, Paoletti P (eds) The experimental biology of brain tumors. ChC Thomas, Springfield, 111, pp 429 – 456

    Google Scholar 

  191. Takeuchi K, Hoshino K (1977) Statistical analysis of factors affecting survival after glioblastoma multiforme. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 37: 57 – 73

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  192. Talairach J, Aboulker P, Ruggiero G, David M (1954) Utilisation de la methode radiostereotaxique pour le traitement radioactif in situ des tumeurs cerebrales. Rev Neurol (Paris) 90: 656 – 657

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  193. Talairach J, Szikla G (1967) Atlas d’anatomie stereotaxique du telencephale. Masson, Paris

    Google Scholar 

  194. Tasker RR (1985) Physiological monitoring of stereotactic biopsy (Proc, 9th Meeting World Soc. Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, 1985). Appl Neurophysiol 48: 444 – 447

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  195. Taveras JM, Thompson GH, Pool JL (1962) Should we treat glioblastoma multiformis? Am J Roent 87: 473 – 479

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  196. Thomas DG, Davis CH, Ingram S et al(1986) Stereotaxic biopsy of the brain under MR imaging control. AJNR 7: 161 – 163

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  197. Thomas DGT, Powel MP, Bradford R et al(1985) Correlation of CT directed target side with histology and cell culture in cerebral glioma. Appl Neuro- physiol 48: 460 – 462

    Google Scholar 

  198. Tooth HH (1912) Some observations on the growth and survival period of intracranial tumors based on the records of 500 cases, with special reference to the pathology of gliomata. Brain 35: 61 – 108

    Article  Google Scholar 

  199. Trojanowski T, Peszynski J, Turowski K etal (1989) Quality of survival of patients with brain gliomas treated with postoperative CCNU and radiation therapy. J Neurosurg 70: 18-23

    Google Scholar 

  200. Vick Na, Lin MJ, Bigner DD (1977) The role of the subependymal plate in glial tumorigenesis. Acta Neuropathol 40: 63 – 71

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  201. Virchow R (1863) Die krankhaften Geschwulste. Hirmschowold (ed). Berlin, 1863. Cite in: Green JR etal Advances of Neurology vol 15, pp51

    Google Scholar 

  202. Walker MD, Alexander E, Hunt WE (1978) Evaluation of BCNU and/or radiotherapy in the treatment of a neoplastic gliomas. J Neurosurg 49: 333 – 343

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  203. Walker MD, Alexander E, Hunt WE etal (1976) Evaluation of mitramycin in the treatment of anaplastic gliomas. J Neurosurg 44: 655-667

    Google Scholar 

  204. Walker MD, Green SB, Byar DP, Alexander E, Batzdorf U, Brooks WH, Hunt WE, McCarty CS, Mahaley S, Owens G, Wilson CB, Strike TA (1980) Randomized comparisons of radiotherapy and nitrosoureas for the treatment of malignant glioma after surgery. N Engl J Med 303: 1323 – 1329

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  205. Walker MD, Strike TA, Sheline GE (1979) An analysis of dose effect relationship on the radiotherapy of malignant gliomas. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 5: 1725 – 1731

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  206. Weir B (1973) The relative significance of factors affecting postoperative survival in astrocytomas grade 3 and 4. J Neurosurg 38: 448 – 452

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  207. Winston KR, Lutz W (1988) Linear accelerator as a neurosurgical tool for stereotactic radiosurgery. Neurosurg 22: 454 – 46

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  208. Winter A, Laing J, Paglione R, Sterzer F (1985) Microwave hyperthermia for brain tumors. Neurosurg 17: 387 – 399

    Article  Google Scholar 

  209. Wood CC, Spencer DD, Allison JK etal (1988) Localization of human sensory motor cortex during surgery by cortical surface recording of somatosensory evoked potentials. J Neurosurg 68: 99-111

    Google Scholar 

  210. Young B, Oldfield EH, Markesbery WR et al1981) Reoperation for glioblastomas. J Neurosurg 55: 917-921

    Google Scholar 

  211. Zuber P, Hamou MF, De Tribolet N (1988) Identification of proliferating cells in human gliomas using the monoclonal antibody Ki 67. Neurosurg 22: 364 – 368

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  212. Zülch KJ (1956) Biologie und Pathologie der Hirngeschwiilste. In: Handbuch der Neurochirurgie, vol 3. Springer, Berlin Gottingen Heidelberg

    Google Scholar 

  213. Zülch KJ (1979) Histological typing of tumours of the central nervous system. In: World Health Organization (ed) n°21. Geneva

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1990 Springer-Verlag/Wien

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Cohadon, F. (1990). Indications for Surgery in the Management of Gliomas. In: Symon, L., et al. Advances and Technical Standards in Neurosurgery. Advances and Technical Standards in Neurosurgery, vol 17. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6925-4_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6925-4_6

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-7091-7436-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-7091-6925-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics