Abstract
A number of floral features of Ceratophyllum conform with the present view on primitive angiosperm flowers and may therefore support the hypothesis of molecular systematists and palaeobotanists that the genus represents the basal clade of extant angiosperms: the flowers are minute; the organ number and phyllotaxis are highly variable — spiral (Fibonacci or Lucas pattern) or whorled (3–4-merous whorls) — but there is a single carpel; the stamens are not differentiated into anther and filament; the organs surrounding the stamens or the carpel are not closely integrated into the floral architecture and they may be interpreted either as bracts or tepals. However, other simple features may still be seen as apomorphies in the context of underwater pollination, especially the lack of lignified tissues in floral organs (except for two horns on each anther).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Aboy, H. E., 1936: A study of the anatomy and morphology of Ceratophyllum demersum. — M.Sc. Thesis, Cornell University, Ithaca.
Batygina, T. B., Kravtsova, T. I., Shamrov, I. I., 1980: The comparative embryology of some representatives of the orders Nymphaeales and Nelumbonales. — Bot. Ž. (Moscow, Leningrad) 65: 1071–1087.
Batygina, T. B., Shamrov, I. L., Kolesova, G. E., 1982: Embryology of the Nymphaeales and Nelumbonales. II. The development of the female embryonic structures. — Bot. Ž. (Moscow, Leningrad) 67: 1179–1195.
Caruel, T., 1876: Sui fiori di Ceratophyllum. — Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 8: 28–32.
Chase, M. W., Qiu, Y.-L., Albert, V. A., 1993a: Molecular phylogenetics of angiosperms: cladistic analyses of nucleotide sequence variation in a plastid locus. — Amer. J. Bot. 80 [6, Suppl.]: 122.
Chase, M. W., Soltis, D. E., Olmstead, R. G., Morgan, D., Les, D. H., Mishler, B. D., Duvall, M. R., Price, R. A., Hills, H. G., Qiu, Y.-L., Kron, K. A., Rettig, J. H., Conti, E., Palmer, J. H., Manhart, J. R., Sytsma, K. J., Michaels, H. J., Kress, W. J., Karol, K. G., Clark, W. D., Hedrén, M., Gaut, B. S., Jansen, R. K., Kim, K.-J., Wimpee, C. F., Smith, J. F., Furnier, G. R., Strauss, S. H., Xiang, Q.-Y., Plunkett, G. M., Soltis, P. S., Swensen, S. M., Williams, S. E., Gadek, P. A., Quinn, C. J., Eguiarte, L. E., Golenberg, E., Learn, G. H., Jr., Graham, S. W., Barrett, S. C. H., Dayanandan, S., Albert, V. A., 1993b: Phylogenetics of seed plants: an analysis of nucleotide sequences from the plastid gene rbcL. — Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 80: 528–580.
Cook, C. D. K., 1978: The Hippuris syndrome. — In Street, H. E., (Ed.): Essays in plant taxonomy, pp. 163–176. — London: Academic Press.
Crepet, W. L., Nixon, K. C., Stevenson, D. W., Friis, E. M., 1993: The relationships of seed plants in reference to angiosperm outgroups. — Amer. J. Bot. 80: [6, Suppl.]: 123.
Dilcher, D. L., 1989: The occurrence of fruits with affinities to Ceratophyllaceae in Lower and mid-Cretaceous sediments. — Amer. J. Bot. 76 [6, Suppl.]: 162.
Dilcher, D. L., 1992: The concept of the flower and its most primitive expression. — The Katherine Esau International Symposium — Plant structure: concepts, connections & challenges. — Davis: University of California, Abstr.
Doyle, J. A., Hickey, L. J., 1976: Pollen and leaves from the mid-Cretaceous Potomac group and their bearing on early angiosperm evolution. — In Beck, C. B., (Ed.): Origin and early evolution of angiosperms, pp. 139–206. — New York: Columbia University Press.
Endress, P. K., 1990: Evolution of reproductive structures and functions in primitive angiosperms (Magnoliidae). — Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 55: 5–34.
Endress, P. K., Hufford, L. D., 1989: The diversity of stamen structures and dehiscence patterns among Magnoliidae. — Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 100: 45–85.
Friis, E. M., Endress, P. K., 1990: Origin and evolution of angiosperm flowers. — Adv. Bot. Res. 17: 99–162.
Johri, B. M., Ambegaokar, K. B., Srivastava, P. S. (Eds.), 1992: Comparative embryology of angiosperms, 1. — Berlin: Springer.
Jones, E. N., 1931: The morphology and biology of Ceratophyllum demersum. — Univ. Iowa Studies Nat. Hist. 13: 11–55.
de Klercker, J.-E.-F., 1885: Sur l’anatomie et le développement de Ceratophyllum. — K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl. Bihang 9(10): 1–23.
Les, D. H., 1988a: The origin and affinities of the Ceratophyllaceae. — Taxon 37: 326–345.
Les, D. H., 1988b: Breeding systems, population structure, and evolution in hydrophilous angiosperm. — Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75: 819–835.
Les, D. H., 1989: The evolution of achene morphology in Ceratophyllum (Ceratophyllaceae), IV. Summary of proposed relationships and evolutionary trends. — Syst. Bot. 14:254–262.
Les, D. H., 1991: Genetic diversity in the monoecious hydrophile Ceratophyllum (Ceratophyllaceae). — Amer. J. Bot. 78: 1070–1082.
Les, D. H., 1993: Ceratophyllaceae. — In Kubitzki, K., Rohwer, J. G., Bittrich, V., (Eds): The families and genera of vascular plants, II, pp. 246–250. — Berlin: Springer.
Les, D. H., Garvin, D. K., Wimpee, C. F., 1991: Molecular evolutionary history of ancient aquatic angiosperms. — Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88: 10119–10123.
Les, D. H., Garvin, D. K., Wimpee, C. F., 1992: A phylogeny of the ancient genus Ceratophyllum (Ceratophyllaceae) derived from DNA sequence data. — Amer. J. Bot. 79 [6, Suppl.]: 151.
Moseley, M. F., Schneider, E. L., Williamson, P. S., 1993: Phylogenetic interpretations from selected floral vasculature characters in the Nymphaeaceae sensu lato. — Aquat. Bot. 44: 325–342.
Qiu, Y.-L., Chase, M. W., Les, D. H., Parks, C. R., 1993: Molecular phylogenetics of the Magnoliidae: cladistic analyses of nucleotide sequences of the plastid gene rbcL. — Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 80: 587–606.
Roze, E., 1892: Sur le mode fécondation du Najas major Roth, et du Ceratophyllum demersum L. — Bull. Soc. Bot. France 39: 361–364.
Rutishauser, R., Sattler, R., 1987: Complementarity and heuristic value of contrasing models in structural botany. II. Case study on leaf whorls: Equisetum and Ceratophyllum. — Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 109: 227–255.
Schleiden, M. J., 1837: Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Ceratophylleen. — Linnaea 11:513–542.
Sehgal, A., Mohan Ram, H. Y., 1981: Comparative developmental morphology of two populations of Ceratophyllum L. (Ceratophyllaceae) and their taxonomy. — Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 82: 383–356.
Shamrov, I.I., 1981: Some peculiar features of the development of the anther in Ceratophyllum demersum and C. pentacanthum (Ceratophyllaceae). — Bot. Ž. (Moscow, Leningrad) 66: 1464–1472.
Shamrov, I.I., 1983a: Anthecological investigation of three species of the genus Ceratophyllum (Ceratophyllaceae). — Bot. Ž. (Moscow, Leningrad) 68: 1357–1366.
Shamrov, I.I., 1983b: The structure of the anther and some peculiar features of the microsporogenesis and pollen grain development in the representatives of the genus Ceratophyllum (Ceratophyllaceae). — Bot. Ž. (Moscow, Leningrad) 68: 1662–1667.
Strasburger, E., 1902: Ein Beitrag zur Kenntniss von Ceratophyllum submersum und phylogenetische Erörterungen. — Jahrb. Wiss. Bot. 37: 477–526.
Wilmot-Dear, M., 1985: Ceratophyllum revisited — a study in fruit and leaf variation. — Kew Bull. 40: 243–271.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1994 Springer-Verlag/Wien
About this paper
Cite this paper
Endress, P.K. (1994). Evolutionary aspects of the floral structure in Ceratophyllum . In: Endress, P.K., Friis, E.M. (eds) Early Evolution of Flowers. Plant Systematics and Evolution Supplement 8, vol 8. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6910-0_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6910-0_10
Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna
Print ISBN: 978-3-7091-7432-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-7091-6910-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive