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In-vivo-Charakterisierung des zentralen dopaminergen Systems bei Schizophrenie mit Hilfe der Positronen-Emissionstomographie (PET)

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Aktuelle Perspektiven der Biologischen Psychiatrie

Zusammenfassung

Die Dopaminhypothese der Schizophrenie besagt, daß eine funktionelle Überaktivität, eine Vermehrung oder Hypersensitivität postsynaptischer Dopaminrezeptoren der Entstehung akuter schizophrener Symptome zugrunde liegt. Möglicherweise spielt diese funktionelle Überaktivität des dopaminergen Systems eine wesentliche Rolle bei Entstehung und Verlauf der Schizophrenie selbst (Mathysse 1973, Snyder 1976). Die Dopaminhypothese wird bis heute durch eine Reihe pharmakologischer Beobachtungen gestützt (van Kammen et al. 1991, 1992, Davidson et al. 1987, Mathysse 1973, Snyder 1976, Davis et al. 1991, Lieberman et al. 1984): (1) Die antipsychotische Wirkung klassischer Neuroleptika wird über die Blockade von Dopamin (D)2-Rezeptoren vermittelt. Eine gewisse Ausnahme bildet das atypische Neuroleptikum Clozapin, welches nur relativ schwach an D2 -Rezeptoren und relativ selektiv an den D4-Subtyp bindet. (2) Dopaminagonisten können psychotische Symptome induzieren. Bei in Remission befindlichen schizophrenen Patienten können Dopaminagonisten zu einer akuten Symptom-Exacerbation führen. (3) Eine Langzeitbehandlung mit Neuroleptika vermindert das Risiko eines Rückfalles. (4) Das Absetzen der Neuroleptika erhöht das Rückfallrisiko, wobei dem Rückfall häufig ein Anstieg von Dopaminmetaboliten im Plasma vorausgeht.

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© 1996 Springer-Verlag/Wien

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Boy, C., Klimke, A., Gaebel, W., Müller-Gärtner, H.W. (1996). In-vivo-Charakterisierung des zentralen dopaminergen Systems bei Schizophrenie mit Hilfe der Positronen-Emissionstomographie (PET). In: Möller, HJ., Müller-Spahn, F., Kurtz, G. (eds) Aktuelle Perspektiven der Biologischen Psychiatrie. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6889-9_62

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6889-9_62

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  • Online ISBN: 978-3-7091-6889-9

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