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Primary and permanent neuronal cell cultures - an in vitro model for detecting neurotoxicity

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Forschung ohne Tierversuche 1996

Part of the book series: Ersatz- und Ergänzungsmethoden zu Tierversuchen ((TIERVERSUCHE))

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Summary

During the last years, great efforts were made to replace neurotoxicological in vivo studies by specific in vitro methods. Primary neuronal cells from different parts of the CNS as well as glia cells isolated from fetal rats, permanent cell lines from various species including man and dorsal root ganglia from adult species were mostly used for toxicological studies.

To evaluate test compounds used for industrial, agricultural or medical purposes on their possible potency to interact with the nervous system, investigations were done in a 3 step procedure. In a first step, two different cytotoxicity assays were used to characterize the cytotoxic profile of the test compound. In a second step, the neurotransmitter systems were investigated by determing the enzyme activities or amounts and the intracellular neurotransmitter content. Additionally, cell specific parameters like the neuron specific enolase (NSE) or the glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) and cytoskeleton constituents could be quantified. In a third step, specific investigations might be necessary, like electrophysiology or receptor binding studies.

An important model to quantify neurotoxic events in vitro identified compounds which induce peripheral polyneuropathies like organophosphates, Acrylamide or Paraquat by using antibodies against cytoskeleton elements.

Zusammenfassung

Primäre und permanente neuronale Zellkulturen - ein in vitro Modell für die Ermittlung der Neurotoxizität

Während der letzten Jahre wurden große Anstrengungen zum Ersatz von neurotoxikologischen in vivo-Studien durch spezifische in vitro-Methoden unternommen. Primäre neuronale Zellen von verschiedenen Teilen des ZNS sowie Gliazellen von fetalen Ratten, permanente Zellinien verschiedener Spezies, wie Mensch, und dorsalen Wurzelganglien von adulten Spezies wurden meist für neurotoxikologische Studien verwendet.

Zur Bewertung von in Industrie, Landwirtschaft oder Medizin verwendeten Testsystemen auf ihre mögliche Potenz zur Interaktion mit dem Nervensystem wurden Untersuchungen in einem 3-Stufen-Verfahren vorgenommen. Im ersten Schritt wurden zwei verschiedene zytotoxische Essays zur Charakterisierung des zytotoxikologischen Profils von Testverbindungen verwendet. Im zweiten Schritt wurden Neurotransmittersysteme durch die Bestimmung der Enzymaktivitäten oder -menge und dem intrazellulärem Neurotransmittergehalt untersucht. Anschließend konnten spezifische Parameter wie der „Neuron specific enolase“ (NSE) oder das “Glial fibrillare Acid Protein” (GFAP) und die Bildung des Zytoskelettes quantifiziert werden. Im dritten Schritt könnten spezifische Untersuchungen, wie Elektrophysiologie oder Rezeptorbindungsstudien, nötig sein.

Ein wichtiges Modell zur Quantifizierung neurotoxikologischer Vorgänge in vitro auf Grund von bekannten Verbindungen, welche periphere Polyneuropathien, wie Organphosphate, Acrylamide oder Paraquat hervorrufen, stellt die Verwendung von Antikörpern gegen Zytoskelettelemente dar.

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© 1997 Springer-Verlag/Wien

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Schmuck, G. (1997). Primary and permanent neuronal cell cultures - an in vitro model for detecting neurotoxicity. In: Schöffl, H., et al. Forschung ohne Tierversuche 1996. Ersatz- und Ergänzungsmethoden zu Tierversuchen. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6833-2_7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6833-2_7

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-211-82869-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-7091-6833-2

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