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Neuro-Psychopharmaka pp 249–271Cite as

Neuronale Verschaltungen

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Zusammenfassung

Die Analyse des vielschichtigen Prozesses des synaptischen Informationstransfers vom vorgeschalteten (präsynaptischen) auf das nachgeschaltete (postsynaptische) Neuron war zunächst auf die Aspekte der Signalgeneration (Neurotransmittersynthese und -freisetzung) und Signalidentifikation (Neurotransmitterrezeptoren) beschränkt; im vergangenen Jahrzehnt sind die Aspekte der postrezeptorialen Signaltransduktion und -amplifikation (Effektorsysteme) mit Erfolg bearbeitet worden. Die methodischen Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Isolierung und Identifikation neuronaler Phosphorproteine haben in jüngster Zeit nun auch die Analyse eines besonders faszinierenden Aspekts in der Kaskade des Informationstransfers, nämlich der intraneuronalen Signalintegration im postsynaptischen Neuron (cross talk zwischen den Effektorsystemen), ermöglicht. Die Fähigkeit des postsynaptischen Neurons, eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher extraneuronaler Transmitter-Signale innerhalb kürzester Zeit zu einer auf die aktuellen Erfordernisse abgestimmten physiologischen Zellantwort zu integrieren, setzt effiziente Mechanismen der Informationsverarbeitung voraus; ein Mechanismus, die Fülle der verschiedenartigen Neurotransmittersignale ohne Informationsverlust zu verarbeiten, besteht darin, sie in einheitliche Informationsträger, die intraneuralen Mediatoren, umzukodieren. Derart transformiert, fließt so die Vielfalt unterschiedlicher Neurotransmitter-Signale in einigen wenigen intraneuronalen Signalsystemen zusammen; das unterschiedliche Ausmaß der Aktivität dieser Effektorsysteme, das von der Intensität der in ihnen konvergierenden Primärsignale abhängt, bestimmt über grundlegende neurobiochemische Reaktionen wie Phosphorylierung und Dephosphorylierung funktionell bedeutender Schlüsselproteine (Enzyme des second messenger-Metabolismus, Rezeptorproteine oder Ionenkanalproteine) das neuronale Reaktionsniveau, das sich in einer Effektorzellantwort äußert, die der Resultante aus dem jeweiligen Aktivitätsmuster der verschiedenen Effektorsysteme entspricht.

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Authors
  1. H. Wachtel
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  2. W. Berger
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  3. P. Riederer
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik, Würzburg, Bundesrepublik Deutschland

    Peter Riederer

  2. Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik, Bonn, Bundesrepublik Deutschland

    Gerd Laux

  3. Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik, Basel, Schweiz

    Walter Pöldinger

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Wachtel, H., Berger, W., Riederer, P. (1992). Neuronale Verschaltungen. In: Riederer, P., Laux, G., Pöldinger, W. (eds) Neuro-Psychopharmaka. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6674-1_10

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