Summary
Diffuse brain swelling is a common complication in young victims of a seven head injury but, there is a lack of data on relevant models of injury. We produced diffuse brain injury in 21 day old Lewis rat pups (N = 33) by modifying a recently established weight-drop-model. The trauma threshold, neurological response, histological changes, intracranial pressure (ICP), and arterial blood pressure (ABP) were determined. In addition, the pressure-volume-index (PVI) was measured 15 min before, 2 min, and 1 h after brain injury.
In the 1 m/100 g group 4 of 5 rats died, whereas in the 0.5 m/100 g only 4 of 28 died. The PVI increased at 2 min after traumatic brain injury (TBI) but ICP was unchanged, except for a minor increase immediately after injury. Histological studies revealed diffuse neuronal death, predominantly involving the cortex and hippocampus.
The results of the present study indicate that determination of ICP in the developing rat pup during and after diffuse brain injury is possible. A 0.5 m/100 g weight-drop-trauma results in a morphologically severe injury but with low mortality. The increase in PVI can be attributed to a decrease of cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) after injury. However, the absence of a further increase of ICP after injury in the developing rat indicates that this may not be a primary consequence of injury in paediatric patients.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Adelson PD, Robichaud P, Hamilton RL, Kochanek PM (1996) A model of diffuse traumatic brain injury in the immature rat. J Neurosurg 85: 877–884
Aldrich EF, Eisenberg HM, Saydjari C, Luerssen TG, Foulkes MA, Jane JA, Marshall LF, Young H (1992) Diffuse brain swelling in severely head-injured children. A report from the NIH Traumatic Coma Data Bank. J Neurosurg 76: 450–454
Ito J, Marmarou A, Barzo P, Fatouros P, Corwin F (1996) Characterization of edema by diffusion-weighted imaging in experimental traumatic brain injury. J Neurosurg 84: 97–103
Kita H, Marmarou A (1994) The cause of acute brain swelling after closed head injury in rats. Acta Neurochir (Wien) [Suppl] 60: 452–455
Kraus JF, Rock A, Hemyari P (1990) Brain injuries among infants, children, adolescents, and young adults. AJDC 144: 684–691
Marmarou A, Shulman K, Rosende RM (1978) A nonlinear analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid system and intracranial pressure. J Neurosurg 48: 332–344
Marmarou A, Foda MAA, Van den Brink W, Campbell J, Kita H, Demetriadou K (1994) A new model of diffuse brain injury in rats. Part I: Pathophysiology and biomechanics. J Neurosurg 80: 291–300
Prins ML, Lee SM, Cheng CLY, Becker DP, Hovda DA (1991) Fluid percussion brain injury in the developing and adult rat: a comparative study of mortality, morphology, intracranial pressure and mean arterial blood pressure. Dev Brain Res 95: 272–282
Schuhmann MU, Thomas S, Hans VHJ, Brinker T, Samii M (1997) Changes of CSF dynamics following diffuse closed head injury in a rodent model. Zentralbl Neurochir [Suppl] S57
Thomas S, Hovda DA, Samii M, Becker DP (1991) Fluid percussion injury in the developing rat pup: Studies of cerebral metabolism. J Neurotrauma 9: 71
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1998 Springer-Verlag Wien
About this paper
Cite this paper
Thomas, S., Tabibnia, F., Schuhmann, M.U., Hans, V.H.J., Brinker, T., Samii, M. (1998). Traumatic Brain Injury in the Developing Rat Pup: Studies of ICP, PVI and Neurological Response. In: Marmarou, A., et al. Intracranial Pressure and Neuromonitoring in Brain Injury. Acta Neurochirurgica Supplements, vol 71. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6475-4_40
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6475-4_40
Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna
Print ISBN: 978-3-7091-7331-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-7091-6475-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive