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Risiken für die intellektuelle und neuromotorische Entwicklung bei Kindern mit PKU

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Zusammenfassung

Die Phenylketonurie (PKU) bzw. die Hyperphenylalaninämie infolge einer Phenylalaninhydroxylasedefizienz ist die häufigste angeborene Stoffwechselerkrankung im Bereich des Aminosäurenstoffwechsels (Scriver et al. 1995). Das Phenylalaninhydroxylasegen konnte auf dem Chromosom XII Q22-Q24.1 bestimmt werden (Scriver et al. 1995). Bis heute sind mehr als 220 verschiedene Mutationen beschrieben worden (Okano et al. 1991). Eine unbehandelte PKU führt zur schweren mentalen und psychomotorischen Retardierung, Epilepsie und Mikrozephalie (Scriver et al. 1995). Die Behandlung besteht in der Regel aus einer eiweiß-respektive phenylalaninfreien Diät, die gleichzeitig mit einem Supplement von phenylalaninfreien Aminosäuren begleitet wird. Nach den deutschen Konsensusempfehlungen wird ein möglichst frühzeitiger Beginn der Diät sowie eine strenge und regelmäßige Kontrolle des Phenylalaninspiegels bei Patienten mit typischer PKU (Phenyallaninspiegel > 1200 µmol/1) und milder PKU (< 600 µcool/1) empfohlen (Weglage et al. 1997). Weiterhin in der Diskussion befindet sich die Frage nach der Behandlungsbedürftigkeit von nicht-PKU-Hyperphenylalaninämie mit einem Phenyalaninspiegel < 600 µmol/1 bei normaler Ernährung (Costello et al. 1994;Weglage,Ullrich et al.1996b;Weglage,Schmidt et al.1996a).Die Hyperphenylalaninämie kann mit der Entwicklung und der Funktion des ZNS auf verschiedene Weise interferieren.Eine klassische Theorie geht davon aus,daβ hohe Phenylalaninwerte im Hirn zu einer Störung im Sinne einer Dysmyelinisierung führen(Cleary et al.1994).

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© 2001 Springer-Verlag Wien

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Haverkamp, F. (2001). Risiken für die intellektuelle und neuromotorische Entwicklung bei Kindern mit PKU. In: Screening auf angeborene endokrine und metabole Störungen. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6252-1_24

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6252-1_24

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-7091-7260-5

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