Mathematical models for positioning

Abstract

The code pseudorange at an epoch t can be modeled, cf. Eq. (6.2), by

$$R_{i}^{j}(t) = \varrho _{i}^{j}(t) + c\Delta \delta _{i}^{j}(t).$$

(8.1)

Here, R ^j _i (t) is the measured code pseudorange between the observing site i and the satellite j, ϱ ^j _i is the geometric distance between the satellite and the observing point, and c is the speed of light. The last item to be explained is Δδ ^j _i (t). This clock bias represents the combined clock offsets of the receiver and the satellite clock with respect to GPS time, cf. Eq. (6.1).