Abstract
Acquisition and evaluation of geotechnical data are integrated parts of subsurface and surface construction works. Geotechnical data serve as input for decision making processes during all phases of projects, ranging from feasibility studies to construction and maintenance. The present system of data acquisition, specifically applied during underground construction works, has a number of constraints. Sampling bias may be caused by the “human factor” of individual capabilities, inaccessibility of the rock exposure and time limitations. In most cases data are irrecoverable when excavation proceeds or support has to be applied. Data processing and evaluation is time consuming so that input data for numerical calculations cannot be provided on a daily basis. To overcome the listed shortcomings a digital stereoscopic colour imaging system has been developed which enables the evaluation of a large number of geotechnical data by interactive two and three dimensional image analysis. Among others the data can be used for the innovative modelling of the rock mass structure, for the provision of geometrical input data for numerical simulations performed on site as well as for a descriptive visualisation of complex structural conditions. The developed hardware and software components have been tested in different environments and on different rock mass types to investigate their general suitability and effectiveness. It was found that digital stereoscopic imaging and image evaluation are suitable for a cpmprehensive and reproducible documentation of the structural inventory of rock surfaces, and are most effective for acquisition of geotechnical data.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Barton N., Lien R., Lunde, J. (1983) Engineering classification of rock mass for the design of tunnel support. NGI Publication 106, Rock Mech, 6, No. 4: 189–236
Benosman R., Kang S. B. (eds.) (2001) Panoramic Vision: Sensors, Theory and Applications. Springer Verlag, Heidelberg
Bienniawski Z. T. (1974) Engineering classification of jointed rock masses. Trans. S. Afr. Inst. Civ. Engrs., 15: 335–344
Brown E. T. (ed.) (1981) Rock characterisation, testing and monitoring. ISRM Suggested Methods. Pergamon Press
Case J. B. (1967) The analytical reduction of panoramic and strip photography, Photogrammetria: 127–141
Cravero M. and Iabichino G. (1993) Characterization of joint patterns from trace maps. In: Eurock ’93, Ribeiro e Sousa and Grossmann (eds.), Balkema
Crosta G. (1997) Evaluating Rock Mass Geometry Prom Photogrammetric Images. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 30(1): 35–38
Daller J., Riedmüller G., Schubert W. (1994) Zur Problematik der Gebirgsklas-sifizierung im Tunnelbau. Felsbau - Rock Soil Engng. 6/94: 443–447
Delaunay B. (1934) Sur la sphére vide. Izvestia Akademia Nauk SSSR, VII Seria, Otdelenie Matematicheskii i Estestvennyka Nauk, 7: 793–800
Dershowitz W., Lee, G. Geier, J. Foxford T., LaPointe P., Thomas A. (1996) Fracman - Interactive discrete feature data analysis, geometric modelling, and exploration simulation. User Documentation, Version 2.5, Golder Associates Inc.
Fasching A. (2001) Improvement of Acquisition Methods for Geotechnical Data, Phd thesis, Riedmüller, G., Schubert, W. and Semprich, S. (eds.) Gruppe Geotechnik Graz, Schriftenreihe, Heft 12b, Technische Universitat, Graz
Foley J.D., van Dam A., Feiner S.K., Hughes J.F. (1991) Computer graphics, principles and practice, 2nd ed. Reading. MA: Addison-Wesley
Franklin J.A., Maerz N.H. and Bennet C.P. (1988) Rock mass charactersation using photoanalysis. Int. Journal of Mining and Geological Engineering 6: 97– 112
Gaich, A., Sehovic A., Gruber M. (1998) System zur Erzeugung hochauflosender Stereobilder für die Nahbereichs-Objektrekonstruktion, Vermessung und Geoinformation, No. 4/98: 194–201
Gaich A. (2001) Panoramic Vision for Geotechnical Analyses in Tunnelling, Phd thesis, Riedmüller, G., Schubert, W. and Semprich, S. (eds.) Gruppe Geotechnik Graz, Schriftenreihe, Heft 12a, Technische Universität, Graz
Goodman R.E. (1989) Introduction to rock mechanics. 2nd Edition. John Wiley
Grimstad E., Barton N. (1993) Updating of the Q-System for NMT. Proc. Int. Symp. on Sprayed Shotcrete, Fagernes
Hagan T.O. (1980) A Case for Terrestrial Photogrammetry in Deep-Mine Rock Structure Studies. Int. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 17: 191–198
[19] ITASCA Consulting Group. UDEC 3.00 user’s manual, Minnesota, USA
Linkwitz K. (1963) Terrestrisch-photogrammetrische Kluftmessung. Rock Mechanics and Engineering Geology I:152–159
[21] Maresch M. (1998) Linear CCD array based recording of buildings for digital models. Dissertation, OCG Schriftenreihe Vol. 109. Wien: Österreichische Computer Gesellschaft
Mauldon M. (1998) Estimating mean fracture trace length and density from observations in convex windows. Rock Mech. Rock Engng. Vol. 31: 201–216
Priest S. D. (1993) Discontinuity Analysis for Rock Engineering, London:Chapman and Hall
Price N. J., Cosgrove J. W. (1990) Analysis of geological structures. Cambridge:University Press
Raab T. (1994) . Über Tendenzen der Fehleinschätzungen einiger ingenieurgeologischer Parameter. Diploma thesis. Graz: University of Technology
Raghavan V., Masumoto S., Koike K. and Nagano S. (1995) Automatic lineament extraction from digital images using a segment tracing and rotation transformation approach. Computers and Geosciences, Vol. 21, No. 4, 555–591
Reid T.R., Harrison J.P. (2000) A semi automated methodology for discontinuity trace detection in digital images of rock mass exposures. Int. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 37: 1073–1089
Rengers N. (1967) Terrestrial Photogrammetry: A Valuable Tool for Engineering Geological Purposes. Rock Mechanics and Engineering Geology V: 150–154
Riedmüller G., Schubert, W. (1999) Critical comments on quantitative rock mass classifications. Felsbau - Rock Soil Engng. 3/99: 164–167
Schubert P. (1992) Die Ungewißheit bei der Standsicherheitsanalyse von Felsbauwerken.Felsbau Jhg. 10, Nr. 4: 191–195
Schubert W., Steindorfer A. (1997) Application of new Methods of Monitoring Data Analysis for short term Prediction in Tunnelling, Proc. of the World Tunnel Congress 97 - Tunnels for People, Rotterdam: Balkema: 65–70
Sellner P. (2000) Prediction of displacements in tunnelling. Phd thesis.Riedmüller, G., Schubert, W. and Semprich, S. (eds.) Gruppe Geotechnik Graz, Schriftenreihe, Heft 9. Technische Universität, Graz
Slama Ch. C. (ed.) (1980) Manual of Photogrammetry, Fourth Edition, Falls Church, VA: American Society of Photogrammetry
Sonka M., Hlavac V., Boyle, R. (1998) Image Processing, Analysis, and Machine Vision, 2nd ed., Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole Publishing
Steindorfer A. (1998) Short Term Prediction of Rock Mass Behaviour in Tunnelling by Advanced Analysis of Displacement Monitoring Data. Phd thesis,Riedmüller, G., Schubert, W. and Semprich, S. (eds.) Gruppe Geotechnik Graz, Schriftenreihe, Heft 1, Technische Universität, Graz
Tsoutrelis C.E., Exadactylos G.E., Kapenis A.P. (1990) Study of the rock mass discontinuity system using photoanalysis. In Rossmanith (ed.), Proc. int. conf.on Mechanics of Jointed and Faulted Rock. Rotterdam: Balkema
Vieten W. (1970) Die Ermittlung tektonischer Gefügedaten aus stereophotogrammetrischen Bruchwandaufnahmen. Clausthaler Tektonische Hefte. Heft10, 319–336
Wittke W. (1984) Felsmechanik - Grundlagen für wirtschaftliches Bauen im Fels. Springer Verlag
[39] Condor Eartch Technologies Inc., http://www.condorearth.com.
[40] DIBIT tunnel scanner, http://dib.joanneum.ac.at/bv_home.html.
[41] Golder Associates Inc. 2000. http://fracman.golder.com/
[42] MAPTEK Inc.: http://www.maptek.com/vulcan/vulcan.htm
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2003 Springer-Verlag Wien
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Gaich, A., Fasching, A., Schubert, W. (2003). Improved site investigation Acquisition of geotechnical rock mass parameters based on 3D computer vision. In: Beer, G. (eds) Numerical Simulation in Tunnelling. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6099-2_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6099-2_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna
Print ISBN: 978-3-7091-7221-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-7091-6099-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive