Abstract
Man’s survival and operational capability in an artificial earth satellite depend primarily on the reliability and accuracy of the launching, guidance and recovery operations on the one hand, and on the perfection of his engineered environment, on the other. Although the human organism is much more sensitive and vulnerable than that of many other creatures, his greater versatility and higher intelligence assure his survival under new and threatening circumstances. If a physiologically habitable environment is created, and if its functions during orbiting are secured, the human passenger can withstand the stresses involved in manned satellite operations of a limited duration.
Zusammenfassung
Die Überlebenschancen und Arbeitsbedingungen in einem bemannten Erdsatelliten hängen einerseits von der Zuverlässigkeit und Genauigkeit der Start-, Führungs- und Landeoperationen, und andererseits von den Eigenschaften der dabei verwendeten Kabine und ihrer technischen Vollkommenheit ab. Obgleich der Mensch einen empfindlicheren und leichter störbaren Organismus besitzt als viele andere Lebewesen, ermöglichen ihm seine Vielseitigkeit und höhere Intelligenz die erfolgreiche Anpassung an neue und lebensbedrohende Umweltsbedingungen. Falls physiologisch angemessene Verhältnisse in einem Satelliten geschaffen und auch in der Umlaufbahn aufrecht erhalten werden können, wird sich der menschliche Organismus den Anforderungen bemannter Satellitenoperationen von begrenzter Dauer gewachsen erweisen.
Résumé
La survivance de l’homme et l’intégrité de ses capacités opératoires à bord d’un satellite artificiel dépendent en premier lieu de la précision et de la sécurité dans les opérations de lancement, guidage et récupération d’une part et dans l’excellence du conditionnement de la cabine d’autre part. Quoique l’organisme humain soit beaucoup plus sensible et vulnérable que celui de beaucoup d’autres créatures, son adaptabilité et son intelligence supérieure peuvent assurer sa survivance dans des circonstances nouvelles et menaçantes. Par la création d’un habitat physiologique convenable, fonctionnant avec sécurité pendant la description de l’orbite, le passager pourra résister aux tensions impliquées dans une mission en satellite pendant une période limitée.
Published in Astronaut. Acta 5, 73–84 (1959).
Lt. Colonel, USAF (MC).
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Gerathewohl, S.J., Steinkamp, G.R. (1959). Human-Factors Requirements for Putting a Man in Orbit. In: Hecht, F. (eds) IXth International Astronautical Congress/IX. Internationaler Astronautischer Kongress/IXe Congrès International D’astronautique. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-4745-0_6
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