Ultrasound Doppler Sonography

Abstract

The first studies on ultrasound for measurement of flow velocity in blood vessels were published 1954 by Kalmus ⁸⁸ and 1957 by Baldes et al.¹⁴. In 1957, Satomura ¹⁶⁴ described an ultrasound method used to inspect the function of the heart and in 1959 and 1960, he reported on its application in peripheral arteries ^{165, 166} Franklin et al.⁶¹ in 1961 published their findings of circulatory Doppler studies on animals with implanted probes. The first Doppler flowmeters used to measure blood flow velocity transcutaneously in humans were described by Baker et al. ¹³ in 1964 and by George et al. ⁷⁰ in 1965. In 1966 Rushmer et al. ¹⁶¹ reported on the application of the method for examination of the carotid arteries. In the same year, Stegall et al.¹⁷⁶ and Strandness et al. ¹⁸¹ published the results of their transcutaneous studies in cases of peripheral occlusive disease.