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The Effect of Surfactants on the Motion of Bubbles and Drops

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Book cover Flow of Particles in Suspensions

Part of the book series: International Centre for Mechanical Sciences ((CISM,volume 370))

Abstract

When bubbles or drops move and deform through a continuous liquid phase as in suspension flows, and a surface active species (surfactant) is present in the suspension, the surfactant absorbs onto the fluid particle interfaces. Adsorption lowers the surface tension in proportion to the surface concentration. Surfactant adsorbed onto the surfaces of moving fluid particles is partitioned by the surface flow and the interfacial deformation,creating surface tension gradients. The gradients exert a Marangoni traction on the continuous phase which affects the suspension flow. In this chapter we present a basis for the understanding and fluid mechanical modeling of the influence of Marangoni stresses. Attention is focused on the air/water inerface and the motion of bubbles.

The chapter first describes the phase behavior of surfactant monolayers, the experimental methods used to identify phase polymorphism, and the principal phases for bulk soluble surfactants: gaseous, liquid expanded, liquid condensed and solid. Next, we describe the modeling of the state equations for the dependence of the tension on the surface concentration, and the rate equations for the exchange of surfactant between the surface and the adjoining sublayer. The measurement of the equation of state parameters and kinetic rate constants is described next, and we examine the surfactant systems which have been studied. The chapter concludes with a study of the buoyancy driven, inertialess motion of a bubble in a continuous liquid phase, as a model problem for the illustration of the inclusion of Marangoni stresses in a fluid particle flow. We compute the terminal velocity as a function of the surfactant transport properties.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. City College of New York, New York, NY, USA

    Ch. Maldarelli & Wei Huang

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  1. Ch. Maldarelli
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  1. Technical University of Vienna, Austria

    U. Schaflinger

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Maldarelli, C., Huang, W. (1996). The Effect of Surfactants on the Motion of Bubbles and Drops. In: Schaflinger, U. (eds) Flow of Particles in Suspensions. International Centre for Mechanical Sciences, vol 370. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-2714-8_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-2714-8_4

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