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Movement Disorders Curricula pp 183–192Cite as

Multiple System Atrophy

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Abstract

Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a slowly progressive neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by (i) a hypokinetic movement disorder, which is predominant in MSA of the parkinsonian type (MSA-P), or by (ii) cerebellar symptoms, which prevail in MSA of the cerebellar type (MSA-C). In both types, the movement disorder is accompanied by autonomic symptoms such as orthostatic hypotension or erectile dysfunction. The effect of dopaminergic medication on the parkinsonian symptoms is very limited. The disease progression is more rapid compared to Parkinson’s disease and is characterized by falls early in the disease course, as well as changes in articulation (dysarthria), swallowing (dysphagia), and the occasional stridor that can also help differentiate MSA-P from Parkinson’s disease.

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Abbreviations

CPAP:

Continuous positive airway pressure

FDG-PET:

Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography

GCIs:

Glial cytoplasmic inclusions

GNIs:

Glial nuclear inclusions

GWAS:

Genome-wide association studies

LBD:

Dementia with Lewy bodies

L-threo-DOPS:

L-threodihydroxy-phenylserine

MSA:

Multiple system atrophy

MSA-C:

MSA of the cerebellar type

MSA-P:

MSA of the parkinsonian type

MSCs:

Mesenchymal stem cells

NCIs:

Neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions

NNIs:

Neuronal nuclear inclusions

OH:

Orthostatic hypotension

PD:

Parkinson’s disease

PSP:

Progressive supranuclear palsy

rhGH:

Recombinant human growth hormone

SNCA:

α-Synuclein gene

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Neurologische Klinik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Klinikum der Universität – Großhadern, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany

    Johannes Levin & Madeleine Schuberth

  2. Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE) & Klinik für Neurologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Feodor-Lynen Str. 17, 81377, Munich, Germany

    Sylvia Maaß & Günter Höglinger

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  1. Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University, Brasov, Romania

    Cristian Falup-Pecurariu

  2. Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Lisbon, Portugal

    Joaquim Ferreira

  3. National Center of Epidemiology and CIBERNED, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain

    Pablo Martinez-Martin

  4. Centre of Excellence, King’s College London, National Parkinson Foundation Centre of Excellence King’s College, London, United Kingdom

    Kallol Ray Chaudhuri

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Levin, J., Maaß, S., Schuberth, M., Höglinger, G. (2017). Multiple System Atrophy. In: Falup-Pecurariu, C., Ferreira, J., Martinez-Martin, P., Chaudhuri, K. (eds) Movement Disorders Curricula. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1628-9_17

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