Skip to main content

Tools

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Atlas of Neuromuscular Diseases

Abstract

Several important diagnostic tools are necessary for the proper evaluation of a patient with a suspected neuromuscular disorder. Each individual chapter in this book is headed by a “tool bar,” indicating the usefulness of various diagnostic tests for the particular condition discussed in the chapter. For example, genetic testing is necessary for the diagnosis of hereditary neuropathy and hereditary myopathy, while nerve conduction velocity (NCV) and electromyogram (EMG) tests can be important but are less specific. Conversely, NCV and EMG are the predominant diagnostic tools for a local entrapment neuropathy like carpal tunnel syndrome. Imaging is now a standard tool in diagnosing certain nerve and muscle disorders, particularly nerve entrapments and myopathies, respectively. Some conditions will require tissue biopsy, although this is becoming increasingly less common.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 189.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • AAEM Quality Assurance Committee (2001) Literature review of the usefulness of repetitive nerve stimulation and single fiber EMG in the electrodiagnostic evaluation of patients with suspected myasthenia gravis or Lambert Eaton myasthenic syndrome. Muscle Nerve 24:1239–1247

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aids to the examination of the peripheral nervous system (1986) WB Saunders, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson G, Smith VV, Malone M et al (2005) Blood film examination for vacuolated lymphocytes in the diagnosis of metabolic disorders; retrospective experience of more than 2500 cases from a single centre. J Clin Pathol 58:1305–1310

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Anonymous (2001) American Association of Electrodiagnostic Medicine. AAEM: glossary of terms in electrodiagnostic medicine. Muscle Nerve 24(Suppl 10):S1–S49

    Google Scholar 

  • Auer-Grumbach M (2008) Hereditary sensory neuropathy type I. Orphanet J Rare Dis 3:7

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bayat E, Kelly JJ (2012). Neurological complications in plasma cell dyscrasias. Handbook of Clinical Neurology 105:731–746

    Google Scholar 

  • Beisteiner R, Hollinger I, Rath J et al (2011) New type of cortical neuroplasticity after nerve repair in brachial plexus lesions. Arch Neurol 68:1467–1470

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Boon AJ (2012) Hematoma risk after needle electromyography. Muscle Nerve 45:9–12

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Burke SL, Higgins J, McClinton M et al (2006) Hand and upper extremity rehabilitation. 3rd edn. Churchill Livingstone, St Louis

    Google Scholar 

  • Burns TM, Graham CD, Rose MR et al (2012) Quality of life and measures of quality of life in patients with neuromuscular disorders. Muscle Nerve 46:9–25

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cartwright MSWF, Griffin LP, Caress JB (2011) Peripheral nerve and muscle ultrasound in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Muscle Nerve 44:346–351

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cerniauskaite M, Quintas R, Boldt C et al (2011) Systematic literature review on ICF from 2001to 2009: its use, implementation and operationalisation. Disabil Rehabil 33:281–309

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ciaramitaro P, Mondelli M, Logullo F et al, Italian Network for Traumatic Neuropathies (2010) Traumatic peripheral nerve injuries: epidemiological findings, neuropathic pain and quality of life in 158 patients. Nerve injury. J Peripher Nerv Syst 15:120–127

    Google Scholar 

  • de Rijk MC, Vermeij FH, Suntjens M et al (2007) Does a carpal tunnel syndrome predict an underlying disease? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 78:635–637

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gambarota G, Krueger G, Theumann N et al (2012) Magnetic resonance imaging of peripheral nerves: differences in magnetization transfer. Muscle Nerve 45:13–17

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gerner P, Strichartz GR (2008) Sensory and motor complications of local anesthetics. Muscle Nerve 37:421–425

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gouveri E, Papanas N (2011) Charcot osteoarthropathy in diabetes: a brief review with an emphasis on clinical practice. World J Diabetes 2:59–65

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hooper DR, Lawson WW;Smith LL et al (2012) Sonographic features in hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies. Muscle Nerve 44:862–867

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jason M, Sansone BS, Angela M et al Jules Tinel (1879–1952) and Paul Hoffmann (1884–1962). Clin Med Res 4(1):85–89

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson NE, Herrmann DN (2012) Noninvasive microscopic imaging of sensory receptors in neuropathy. Neurology 78:1803

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Katirji B, Kaminski HJ, Ruff RL (eds) (2013) Neuromuscular disorders in clinical practice, 2nd edn. Springer-Verlag, New York Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khan S, Zhou L (2012) Characterization of non-length-dependent small-fiber sensory neuropathy. Muscle Nerve 45:86–91

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kline DG, Hudson AR (1995) Nerve injuries. WB Saunders, Philadelphia

    Google Scholar 

  • Krajewski KM, Shy ME (2004) Genetic testing in neuromuscular disease. Neurol Clin 22:481–508

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kyriakides T, Angelini C, Schaefer J et al (2010) EFNS guidelines on the diagnostic approach to pauci- or asymptomatic hyperCKemia. Eur J Neurol 17:767–773

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Latinovic R, Guilliford MC (2006) Incidence of common compressive neuropathies in primary care. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 77:263–265

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lauria G, Hsieh ST, Johansson O et al (2010) European Federation of Neurological Societies/Peripheral Nerve Society Guideline on the use of skin biopsy in the diagnosis of small fiber neuropathy. Report of a joint task force of the European Federation of Neurological Societies and the Peripheral Nerve Society. Eur J Neurol 17(7):903–912

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Merkies IS, Schmitz PI, van der Meché FG et al (2000) Reliability and responsiveness of a graduated tuning fork in immune mediated polyneuropathies. The Inflammatory Neuropathy Cause and Treatment (INCAT) Group. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 68:669–671

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moon HS, Kim YD, Song BH et al (2010) Position of dorsal root ganglia in the lumbosacral region in patients with radiculopathy. Korean J Anesthesiol 59:398–402

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Peer S, Bodner G (eds) (2008) High-resolution sonography of the peripheral nervous system, 2nd edn. Springer, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Preston DC, Shapiro B (2013) Electromyography and neuromuscular disorders: clinical-electrophysiologic correlations, 3rd edn. Elsevier Saunders, London; New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Pullman SL, Goodin DS, Marquinez AI et al (2000) Clinical utility of surface EMG: report of therapeutics and technology assessment subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology 55:171–177

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reilly MM, Hanna MG (2002) Genetic neuromuscular disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 73(Suppl II):ii12–ii21

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rutkove SB (2001) Effects of temperature on neuromuscular electrophysiology. Muscle Nerve 24:867–882

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schliack H (1969) Segmental innervation and the clinical aspects of spinal nerve roots syndromes. In: Vinken PJ, Bruyn GW (eds) Handbook of clinical neurology, vol 2. North Holland publishing, Amsterdam/New York, pp 157–177

    Google Scholar 

  • Singleton R (2008) The Utah Early Neuropathy Scale: a sensitive clinical scale for early sensory predominant neuropathy. J Peripher Nerv Syst 13:218–227

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Suarez GA, Chalk CH, Russell JW et al (2001) Diagnostic accuracy and certainty from sequential evaluations in peripheral neuropathy. Neurology 57:1118–1120

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Takahashi Y, Takahashi K, Moriya H (1995) Mapping of dermatomes of the lower extremities based on an animal model. J Neurosurg 82:1030–1034

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tavee J, Mays M, Wilbourn AJ (2007) Pitfalls in the electrodiagnostic studies of sacral plexopathies. Muscle Nerve 35:725–729

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thurston TJ (1982) Distribution of nerves in long bones as shown by silver impregnation. J Anat 134(4):719–728

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wattjes MP, Kley RA, Fischer D (2010) Neuromuscular imaging in inherited muscle disease. Eur Radiol 20:2447–2460

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer-Verlag Wien

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Feldman, E.L., Grisold, W. (2014). Tools. In: Atlas of Neuromuscular Diseases. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1605-0_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1605-0_1

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-7091-1604-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-7091-1605-0

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics