Zusammenfassung
Die größte Herausforderung der nächsten Jahre ist die zunehmende Alterung der Bevölkerung. Obstruktive Lungenerkrankungen zählen zu den häufigsten Erkrankungen, und alleine die COPD (chronisch-obstruktive Lungenerkrankung) wird die vierthäufigste Todesursache im Jahr 2020 sein. Die Häufigkeit der obstruktiven Erkrankungen wird für die COPD mit 10–25 % der über 60- bis 70‑Jährigen, für das Asthma mit ca. 10 % der über 65‑Jährigen und für unklare Dyspnoe zusätzlich mit 15 % angegeben [1]. Die Zahlen der COPD in Österreich überschreiten diese Werte deutlich: mit einer Prävalenz von bis zu 50 % der über 70‑Jährigen [2], [3]. Asthma bronchiale, insbesondere allergisches Asthma, ist beim älteren Patienten unterdiagnostiziert und auch untertherapiert, wobei wir von ca. 10 % der älteren Bevölkerung ausgehen müssen.
Die COPD ist die häufigste obstruktive Lungenerkrankung des Alters, und die Prävalenz steigt auch mit dem Alter und mit der Exposition zu Tabakrauch und anderen inhalativen Noxen. Im Unterschied zum Asthma wird die COPD anhand der Spirometrie klassifiziert und nach den GOLD Kriterien entsprechend behandelt [4]. Dies unabhängig von der bestehenden Symptomatik.
Alter per se verschlechtert den Gesundheitszustand von COPD nicht, altersabhängige Faktoren wie soziale Isolation oder Immobilität verschlechtern den Allgemeinzustand bei bestehender COPD sehr wohl [5].
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Geltner, C. (2013). Obstruktive Lungenerkrankungen im Alter – Asthma und COPD. In: Pinter, G., Likar, R., Schippinger, W., Janig, H., Kada, O., Cernic, K. (eds) Geriatrische Notfallversorgung. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1581-7_24
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